The formation of atomic oxygen and hydrogen in atmospheric pressure plasmas containing humidity: picosecond two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence and numerical simulations

Schröter, Sandra; Bredin, Jérôme; Gibson, Andrew; West, Andrew; Dedrick, James; Wagenaars, E.; Niemi, Kari; Gans, Timo; O’Connell, Deborah

doi:10.1088/1361-6595/abab55

Cited by 30 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Recently, Schröter et al [27] reported H atom density measurements in the effluent of a CAPJ, operating with humidified He, which have been obtained with a picosecond TALIF laser and imaging system. The picosecond time resolution allows an independent and direct measurement of the effective (reduced) lifetime of the excited state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Klose

Ellis

Riedel

et al. 2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (CAPJs) are an emerging technology for the localised treatment of heat sensitive surfaces. Adding humidity to the CAPJ's feed gas yields an effective production of highly reactive intermediate species, such as hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and hydroxyl radicals, among others, which are key species for biomedical applications. This study focusses on the effluent of the CAPJ kINPen, which was operated with argon feed gas and a humidity admixture of 3000 ppm, while a gas curtain was used to limit the diffusion of ambient air into the effluent. The axial and radial density distribution of O and H atoms is measured by means of picosecond two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (ps-TALIF). A maximum O atom density of (3.8 ± 0.7) • 10 15 cm −3 and a maximum H atom density of (3.5 ± 0.7) • 10 15 cm −3 are found at the nozzle of the plasma jet.The experimental results are compared to a two-dimensional reacting flow model that is coupled with a local zero-dimensional plasma chemical model. With this model, the main H and O atom production mechanisms are determined to be the dissociation

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Klose

Ellis

Riedel

et al. 2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

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“…Since then, a plethora of experimental and numerical studies has emerged. These studies validated the excellent capability of TALIF to determine atomic densities in flames and plasmas [28,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. The concept of this method is depicted in Figure 2.…”

Section: Talif Principles Involved Theory and Experimental Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…This is reasonable since the main goal of those works is the determination/manipulation of the absolute densities of reactive atomic species, and the understanding of their dynamics in the plasmas studied. This has also been the case for some recent ps-and fs-TALIF investigations focusing on the measurement of O-and H-atom densities in non-equilibrium plasmas [44,45,90,91].…”

Section: Challenges When Using Ns-and Ps/fs-talif In Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…To overcome these limitations, the authors proposed the use of ps-TALIF, being capable of resolving the effective lifetime of excited atoms, and measuring accurately their absolute densities. Some of those results were published in the mid-2020 [44]. Specifically, the authors focused on the formation of H and O atoms in a He/H2O plasma jet.…”

Section: Ultrafast (Ps/fs) Talifmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progresses on the Use of Two-Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) Diagnostics for Measuring Absolute Atomic Densities in Plasmas and Flames

Lombardi

Aubert

Duluard

et al. 2021

Plasma

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Recent developments in plasma science and technology have opened new areas of research both for fundamental purposes (e.g., description of key physical phenomena involved in laboratory plasmas) and novel applications (material synthesis, microelectronics, thin film deposition, biomedicine, environment, flow control, to name a few). With the increasing availability of advanced optical diagnostics (fast framing imaging, gas flow visualization, emission/absorption spectroscopy, etc.), a better understanding of the physicochemical processes taking place in different electrical discharges has been achieved. In this direction, the implementation of fast (ns) and ultrafast (ps and fs) lasers has been essential for the precise determination of the electron density and temperature, the axial and radial gradients of electric fields, the gas temperature, and the absolute density of ground-state reactive atoms and molecules in non-equilibrium plasmas. For those species, the use of laser-based spectroscopy has led to their in situ quantification with high temporal and spatial resolution, with excellent sensitivity. The present review is dedicated to the advances of twophoton absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) techniques for the measurement of reactive species densities (particularly atoms such as N, H and O) in a wide range of pressures in plasmas and flames. The requirements for the appropriate implementation of TALIF techniques as well as their fundamental principles are presented based on representative published works. The limitations on the density determination imposed by different factors are also discussed. These may refer to the increasing pressure of the probed medium (leading to a significant collisional quenching of excited states), and other issues originating in the high instantaneous power density of the lasers used (such as photodissociation, amplified stimulated emission, and photoionization, resulting to the saturation of the optical transition of interest).

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“…Such diagnostics aim for the precise identification and fine tuning of essential physical quantities, leading to a better understanding of transient phenomena in reactive plasmas. Typical examples refer to the use of (i) two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) to obtain atomic densities [1,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], (ii) electric-field-induced second harmonic generation to infer electric field dynamics [1,6,10], and (iii) Thomson scattering to access electron density and temperature [15,16]. These measurements can help in the development of diverse plasma-based applications, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picosecond two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (ps-TALIF) in krypton: The role of photoionization on the density depletion of the fluorescing state Kr 5p′[3/2]2

et al. 2021

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The present study focuses on the application of a picosecond (ps) TALIF technique in krypton (Kr) at variable pressure (0.1-10 mbar). The laser intensity (I, units W.cm -2 ) is tuned between 1 and 480 MW.cm -2 , and the depletion of the density of the Kr 5p´[3/2]2 fluorescing state through photoionization (PIN) and amplified stimulated emission (ASE) is investigated. This is done by combining TALIF experiments with a simple 0D numerical model. We demonstrate that for a gas pressure of 3 mbar and 15 < 𝐼 ≤ 480 MW.cm -2 , a saturated fluorescence signal is obtained, which is largely attributed to PIN, ASE being negligible. Also, a broadening of the two-photon absorption line (i.e. 4p 6 1 S0→→5p´[3/2]2) is recorded due to the production of charged species through PIN, inducing a Stark effect. For I≤15 MW.cm -2 , though, PIN is significantly limited, the absorption line is noticeably narrowed, and the quadratic dependence of the TALIF signal intensity versus the laser energy is obtained. Thus, in this case, the investigated Kr TALIF scheme, using the 5p´[3/2]2→5s[3/2]1 fluorescence channel, can be used for calibration purposes in ps-TALIF experiments. These results are of interest for fundamental research since most ps-TALIF studies performed in Kr do not investigate in detail the role of PIN and ASE on the depletion of the Kr 5p´[3/2]2 state density. Moreover, this work contributes to the development of ps-TALIF for determining absolute densities and quenching coefficients of H and N atoms in plasmas. This is useful in numerous plasma-based applications (e.g. thin film synthesis, biomedical treatments, plasma-assisted combustion, …), for which the knowledge of the density/kinetics of reactive atoms is essential.

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The formation of atomic oxygen and hydrogen in atmospheric pressure plasmas containing humidity: picosecond two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence and numerical simulations

Cited by 30 publications

References 78 publications

The spatial distribution of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The spatial distribution of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet

Progresses on the Use of Two-Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) Diagnostics for Measuring Absolute Atomic Densities in Plasmas and Flames

Picosecond two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (ps-TALIF) in krypton: The role of photoionization on the density depletion of the fluorescing state Kr 5p′[3/2]2

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