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The current state of the economy and society is characterized by the beginning of intensive development and use of digital technologies. They create a new reality, make changes in the life of society, company principles, decision-making methods and relations with the environment. Under their influence, the processes taking place in the economic, industrial and transport spheres are radically changing. Inversion indicators in different countries, regions, companies and industries are characterized by different results, sometimes negative. Digital technologies are fundamentally changing transport networks and their importance for the economic development of the territory. With a variety of existing works on the problems of transformation and digitalization of economic sectors, the implementation of these processes at the level of subjects of the real sector of the economy and the transport industry remains insufficiently developed. The purpose of the work is to consider the main aspects of digital transformation in the sectors of the real sector and transport and to determine the opportunities and prospects for the digitalization of enterprises in the economy. The scientific novelty lies in the development of tools that allow the digitalization of production processes and, on this basis, increase the efficiency of the entire enterprise. In the new economic conditions, digital transformation will allow business entities to diversify their activities, increase competitiveness and strengthen their positions in the market.
The current state of the economy and society is characterized by the beginning of intensive development and use of digital technologies. They create a new reality, make changes in the life of society, company principles, decision-making methods and relations with the environment. Under their influence, the processes taking place in the economic, industrial and transport spheres are radically changing. Inversion indicators in different countries, regions, companies and industries are characterized by different results, sometimes negative. Digital technologies are fundamentally changing transport networks and their importance for the economic development of the territory. With a variety of existing works on the problems of transformation and digitalization of economic sectors, the implementation of these processes at the level of subjects of the real sector of the economy and the transport industry remains insufficiently developed. The purpose of the work is to consider the main aspects of digital transformation in the sectors of the real sector and transport and to determine the opportunities and prospects for the digitalization of enterprises in the economy. The scientific novelty lies in the development of tools that allow the digitalization of production processes and, on this basis, increase the efficiency of the entire enterprise. In the new economic conditions, digital transformation will allow business entities to diversify their activities, increase competitiveness and strengthen their positions in the market.
The innovative activity of an enterprise reflects its ability to respond to changes in the external environment through the production or development of new products, the introduction of new technologies, as well as restructuring, development of organizational systems and management systems. In practice, the innovative activity of an enterprise is manifested in the regular updating of production technologies, in the growth of investments in production and scientific developments, in the growth of expenses for training (advanced training) of personnel, etc. The result of innovation activity should be an increase in financial results and strengthening of the financial condition of the enterprise, an increase in the value of assets, a decrease in indicators of harmful effects on the environment, etc. In the article, innovative activity is considered as an important factor in the development of an enterprise that determines the dynamics of its economic indicators. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of an organization's innovation activity on the results of its activities. The object of the study is the oil refining enterprise of Public Joint Stock Company (PJSC) «Orsknefteorgsintez», which operates on the territory of the Orenburg region. The authors analyzed the achieved results of the company's work in the current economic conditions, the directions of its innovative activity. The article presents the prospects for further development of the company, taking into account the ongoing measures to modernize and upgrade equipment, expand production. The authors showed the expected results of innovation activity in 2023, measured by indicators: financial results, volume and quality of oil refining. The information base of the study is the reporting of PJSC «Orsknefteorgsintez», specialized Internet portals for 2020–2022. The tools of empirical research are presented by statistical methods of analysis of dynamics and structure.
Abstract. Violation of the optimal timing of field work and irrational structure of acreage leads to a decrease in crop yield. The purpose is to show ways to improve the efficiency of grain production due to earlier terms of wheat harvesting. The objects of the study were operational data on the timing of field work and the yield of grain crops in the agricultural sector of the Kurgan region and in the fields of the Kurgan research Institute, weather data. Common methods of comparative, statistical, factor, and correlation analyses were used. Results. It was found that the most favorable conditions for harvesting grain crops are formed in August. At the same time, as of September 1, 2019, 21 % of the area of grain crops was removed in the Kurgan region, and 71 % as of October 1. The yield of grain harvested in September was 5.7 t/ha below removed in August, loss of income – 6.2 thousand rubles/ha. Price for grain sold in September, is often lower than in August, and another minus 1.5 thousand rubles. The Early cleaning provide earlier crops. For more effective optimization of work terms, it is proposed to keep their records and analysis in the e-book of field history developed at the Kurgan research Institute. It was found that with minimal availability of agricultural machinery, the yield on fields in different hydrothermal conditions varied slightly due to the use of a wide range of sowing dates from May 2 to May 31 and the rational structure of varieties. About 10 % of crops under winter wheat allowed to start harvesting 2–3 weeks before spring and it is more profitable to sell grain. Agricultural producers are recommended to optimize the terms of harvesting spring wheat due to earlier sowing dates, taking into account the validity for each field and the introduction of winter wheat into circulation. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the conditions of sowing and harvesting operations in the economy that have developed over the past 5 years in the context of each field.
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