The Formation of Sharp Multi-Layered Wind Structure over Tokyo Associated with Sea-breeze Circulation

Tsunematsu, Nobumitsu; Iwai, Hironori; Ishii, Shoken; Murayama, Yasuhiro; Yasui, Masato; Mizutani, K.

doi:10.2151/sola.2009-001

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, sea breezes also interact with other thermally induced flows such as with mountain valley winds, with urban heat island circulations and indeed with other sea breeze systems (e.g. Clarke et al, 1981;Bianco et al, 2006;Tsunematsu et al, 2009). They have even been associated with severe localized flooding (Golding et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idealized WRF model sensitivity simulations of sea breeze types and their effects on offshore windfields

et al. 2013

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The behaviour and characteristics of the marine component of sea breeze cells have received little attention relative to their onshore counterparts. Yet there is a growing interest and dependence on the offshore wind climate from, for example, a wind energy perspective. Using idealized model experiments, we investigate the sea breeze circulation at scales which approximate to those of the southern North Sea, a region of major ongoing offshore wind farm development. We also contrast the scales and characteristics of the pure and the little known corkscrew and backdoor sea breeze types, where the type is pre-defined by the orientation of the synoptic scale flow relative to the shoreline. We find, crucially, that pure sea breezes, in contrast to corkscrew and backdoor types, can lead to substantial wind speed reductions offshore and that the addition of a second eastern coastline emphasises this effect through generation of offshore "calm zones". The offshore extent of all sea breeze types is found to be sensitive to both the influence of Coriolis acceleration and to the boundary layer scheme selected. These extents range, for example for a pure sea breeze produced in a 2 m s-1 offshore gradient wind, from 0 km to 21 km between the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino and the Yonsei State University schemes respectively. The corkscrew type restricts the development of a backdoor sea breeze on the opposite coast and is also capable of traversing a 100 km offshore domain even under high along-shore gradient wind speed (>15 m s-1) conditions. Realistic variations in sea surface skin temperature and initializing vertical thermodynamic profile do not significantly alter the resulting circulation, though the strengths of the simulated sea breezes are modulated if the effective land-sea thermal contrast is altered. We highlight how sea breeze impacts on circulation need to be considered in order to improve the accuracy of both assessments of the offshore wind energy climate and forecasts of wind energy output

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idealized WRF model sensitivity simulations of sea breeze types and their effects on offshore windfields

et al. 2013

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“…Because of recent advances in eye-safe solid-state laser technology, coherent Doppler lidar is becoming more accessible to the meteorological research community (Henderson et al 2005;Werner 2005). Many important insights into various atmospheric flow patterns, such as the sea breeze Tsunematsu et al 2009), vortices associated with lee waves (Doyle et al 2009;Sawada et al 2012), aircraft wake vortices (Kö pp et al 2004), and dust devil-like vortices (Fujiwara et al 2011), have been obtained from coherent Doppler lidar. The applications of coherent Doppler lidar have recently been studied to improve wind shear alerts at airports (Chan and Lee 2012;Shun and Chan 2008) and the energy outputs of wind power plants (Kä sler et al 2010;Mann et al 2010;Pichugina et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Technique of Coherent 2-μm Differential Absorption and Wind Lidar for Wind Measurement

Iwai

Ishii

Oda

et al. 2013

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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A coherent 2-mm differential absorption and wind lidar (Co2DiaWiL) has been built with a high-power Q-switched Tm,Hm:YLF laser to measure CO 2 concentration and radial wind speed. The performance of the Co2DiaWiL is described and analyzed, with a view to demonstrating system capabilities for remote measurements of wind velocities in the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere. Bias in the velocity measurements was estimated at 20.0069 m s 21 using measurements from a stationary hard target. The Co2DiaWiL achieved a velocity precision of 0.12 m s 21 , derived from the magnitude of random error in radial wind velocity measurements. These measurements were made for ranges out to 20-25 km by using a horizontally fixed beam mode for average times of 1 min. Quantitative intercomparisons of 1-min averages between the Co2DiaWiL and a sonic anemometer revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.99. This study demonstrated measurements of horizontal wind profiles, by making radial wind velocity measurements with the Co2DiaWiL using conical scanning. Profile differences at higher levels could be attributed to probable large horizontal separations of the radiosondes and the low signal-to-noise ratio of the Co2DiaWiL. A pseudo-dual-Doppler technique was developed to retrieve horizontal wind components with a single-Doppler lidar and a steering mirror. Intercomparisons of the 1-min-averaged u and y components from the pseudodual-Doppler lidar measurements with those from the sonic anemometer revealed correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.83, respectively.

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“…2007) for thermal geometric controls on surface air temperature. In addition, many observational studies were conducted for TMA to analyze two mesocyclones with the surface network and weather radar during TOMACS ; the urban canopy and winds (Kondo et al 2008); wind profiles, static stability, and convergence leading to the development of thunderstorms (Mikami et al 2011); multilayer winds and sea breezes measurements with the Doppler weather radar (Tsunematsu et al 2009); aerosols and sea breeze studies with the Doppler LIDAR (Iwai et al 2011); thermal and geometric studies on surface air temperature (Tomita et al 2007); effects of the Tokyo Bay sea surface temperature on urban temperature (Oda and Kanda 2009); climatology of synoptic winds and surface temperatures (Yoshikado 2013); and lee winds and rainfall in TMA (Inamura et al 2011). Further, many numerical simulations were conducted to study the impacts of land use and alteration on Tokyo surface temperature and sea breeze (Kusaka et al 2000), increased precipitation , energy balance and heat modeling (Ooka et al 2011), local heavy rainfall , Tokyo morphology (Adachi et al, 2014), and advanced data assimilation systems (Saito et al, 2017;Saito et al 2016;Kawabata et al 2011Kawabata et al , 2013Kawabata et al , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARPS Simulations of Convection during TOMACS

Filho

Vemado

Saitō

et al. 2018

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study (TOMACS) for extreme-weather-resilient cities is a research and development project (RDP) of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP).TOMACS provided a multiplatform and high spatiotemporal resolution dataset for the present research on three episodes of deep convection in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA) under its heat island effect and sea breeze circulations. Heavy rainfall episodes of August 26, 2011, and July 23 and August 12, 2013, were simulated with (and without) the tropical town energy budget (T-TEB) model coupled with the advanced regional prediction system (ARPS). The T-TEB/ARPS system used initial and boundary conditions from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) mesoscale analysis data for 24-hour integration runs at 5-km resolution over Japan and at 1-km resolution over TOMACS area. The 1-km resolution hourly rainfall field simulations were verified against the respective automated meteorological data acquisition system (AMeDAS) rain gauge network measurements. Statistics of the Contingency tables were obtained to estimate the critical success index (CSI), probability of detection (POD), and false alarm rate (FAR) as well as the root mean square error (RMSE). The T-TEB/ARPS simulations improved the south and east sea breeze circulations of TMA and its urban heat island effect.The time evolution of CSI scores improved within the advective time scale, whereas dissipation (phase) errors on precipitation RMSE increased with the integration time and were larger than the dispersion (amplitude) errors. The initial and boundary conditions of JMA greatly improved the simulations as compared to the previous ones performed with the outputs of NCEP's global forecast system as indicated by the TOMACS datasets. Thus, the results represent the temporal and spatial evolutions of the atmospheric conditions leading to the development of a deep convection within TOMACS region.Furthermore, TMA is a good testbed to evaluate the urban surface schemes, such as T-TEB in this study.4

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The Formation of Sharp Multi-Layered Wind Structure over Tokyo Associated with Sea-breeze Circulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Idealized WRF model sensitivity simulations of sea breeze types and their effects on offshore windfields

Idealized WRF model sensitivity simulations of sea breeze types and their effects on offshore windfields

Performance and Technique of Coherent 2-μm Differential Absorption and Wind Lidar for Wind Measurement

ARPS Simulations of Convection during TOMACS

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