The Fossil Record of Shell-Breaking Predation on Marine Bivalves and Gastropods

Alexander, Richard R.; Dietl, Gregory P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0161-9_7

Cited by 95 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Whether smooth-topped concentric ribs in bivalves function against durophagous predation has not been investigated in detail, although this interpretation was suggested cursorily by Alexander and Dietl (2003) and appears plausible given that other types of ornament are effective against predation (e.g., Stanley 1988). More specifically, radial ribs and ornamentation in general appear to deter durophagous predation for bivalves (Dietl et al 2000;Alexander and Dietl 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in the strength of radial ribs in Cretaceous exogyrine bivalves was linked to durophagous predation (Dietl et al 2000). The latter was supported by Alexander and Dietl (2003), who argued that radial ribs are more common in modern tropical bivalves experiencing a higher intensity of predation than in bivalves in more temperate waters. Concentric ornamentation has received relatively little study with regard to drilling predation, with some indications that concentric ribs may affect drilling behavior in that drill holes tend to be located between smooth-topped concentric ribs (Arua and Hoque 1989;Klompmaker 2011) or concentric lamellae (Ansell and Morton 1985;Anderson et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Shell ornamentation as a likely exaptation: evidence from predatory drilling on Cenozoic bivalves

Klompmaker¹,

Kelley²

2015

Paleobiology

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Abstract.-Predation is an important process in modern oceans and in the evolutionary history of marine ecosystems. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that shelled prey modified their ornamentation in response to predation. However, bivalve ornamentation has also been argued to be important in maintaining a stable life position in the sediment and in burrowing. To test whether concentric ribs were effective against drilling by carnivorous gastropods, we examined drill hole position and completeness for four Cenozoic bivalve species that differ in rib strength (Astarte radiata, A. goldfussi, Lirophora glyptocyma, and L. latilirata). The percentage of drill holes located between the ribs increases with increasing rib strength, whereas the percentage of drill holes on top of ribs decreases. This result suggests that gastropods select the drill hole site more effectively as rib strength increases, thereby saving time and energy, and that natural selection favors gastropods that select drill hole sites between ribs. Because of this greater stereotypy, the percentage of drill holes that are incomplete is generally lower in strongly ribbed species. The proportion of drill holes located on top of ribs is greater for incomplete than complete holes, implying that ribs can be effective against predators, but only when selected as the drilling location. We show that ribs are most effective against drilling predation for bivalves with moderately sized ribs, between which gastropods have difficulty siting drill holes. Concentric ribs are unlikely to have evolved as an adaptation against drilling predation because concentric ribs evolved in the Paleozoic and were already common in the Mesozoic, whereas drilling frequency increased later, in the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. Moreover, rib strength of North American Astarte did not change through this time interval. Thus, the ribs considered here are a likely exaptation to drilling given their effectiveness at deterring drilling predation on bivalves with moderate ribs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Shell ornamentation as a likely exaptation: evidence from predatory drilling on Cenozoic bivalves

Klompmaker¹,

Kelley²

2015

Paleobiology

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“…Expressing sublethal damage as the proportion of snails in an assemblage bearing one or more repairs (henceforth 'proportion of repair') potentially underestimates predation intensity if individuals bear multiple repairs (Kowalewski et al 1997, Alexander & Dietl 2003. On the other hand, expressing damage as the mean number of repairs per snail (henceforth 'frequency of repair') could overestimate predation intensity if sublethal injuries predispose the snails to subsequent attacks (Aronson 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic heterogeneity in salt marshes of the northern Gulf of Mexico

Moody

Aronson²

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Predator-prey interactions in salt-marsh ecosystems are driven primarily by interactions among tidal dynamics, local physiography, and macrophyte density. Distinct seaward-to-landward predation gradients have been described for the continuous and expansive meadows of Spartina alterniflora on the Atlantic coast of the United States. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, Juncus roemerianus dominates and Spartina is generally limited to fringing bands or disjunct patches in low-lying areas. It is not known whether predation regimes vary consistently among subhabitats in these disjunct marshes. We investigated whether small-scale variations in topography and habitat structure produce persistently distinguishable predation regimes among marsh patches in coastal Alabama. Each of our study sites was representative of the principal subhabitats found within continuous Spartina meadows: vegetation bordering open water, tidal creeks within the marsh, and interior subhabitat. We assessed a strong trophic interaction in these subhabitats: predation pressure exerted by the blue crab Callinectes sapidus on the periwinkle Littoraria irrorata. The distribution of sublethal repairs in Littoraria shells demonstrated that attacks by Callinectes were randomly inflicted, irrespective of attack frequency. The occurrence of sublethal shell repair was positively related to the frequency of predatory attacks on experimentally tethered snails, the abundance of crabs, and the degree of antipredatory architectural defense in the snail shells. Among-site differences in shell repair and architectural defense were related to topography and habitat structure, and these differences persisted over multiple seasons and years. Physical variations thus maintain strong, persistent predation regimes among subhabitats in disjunct Spartina marshes.

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“…Summaries of predation evidence found on a variety of marine fossil invertebrate clades are known: foraminifera (Culver and Lipps, 2003), trilobites (Babcock, 2003), crinoids (Baumiller and Gahn, 2003), brachiopods (Leighton, 2003), cephalopods (Mapes and Chaffin, 2003;Klompmaker et al, 2009), echinoids (Kowalewski and Nebelsick, 2003), bryozoans (McKinney et al, 2003), scaphopods (Yochelson et al, 1983;Klompmaker, 2011a), annelids (Klompmaker, 2012a;Martinell et al, 2012), ophiuroids (Aronson, 1987), ostracods (Reyment and Elewa, 2003), and bivalves and gastropods (Kelley and Hansen, 2003;Alexander and Dietl, 2003;Harper and Kelley, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Predation Evidence Found on Fossil Decapod Crustaceans With New Examples of Drill Holes Attributed to Gastropods and Octopods

Klompmaker¹,

Karasawa²,

Portell³

et al. 2014

PALAIOS

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Predators of extant decapod crustaceans are fairly well known, but unlike many other invertebrate clades, not much is known regarding predation evidence found on fossil decapods. Herein, we provide an overview of such predation and expand upon this through an extensive study of fossil decapod specimens from multiple museum collections. Thus far most examples of predation come from drill holes and stomach contents; bite marks, incisions or irregular holes, and possible regurgitated material are also known. The currently recognized predators of decapods in the fossil record are fish, plesiosaurs, ammonites, octopods, and gastropods. We also provide new evidence of unambiguous drill-hole predation in decapods, based on 33,593 nonmoldic Cenozoic (middle EoceneHolocene) decapod remains originating from Europe, Asia, and North America, indicating that drilling predation in decapods is more common than currently recognized. Drill holes attributed to octopods (ichnotaxon Oichnus ovalis) and gastropods (O. simplex and O. paraboloides) were found in carapaces and appendages from the Pliocene of the Netherlands, the Pleistocene and Pliocene of the United States (Florida), and the Pleistocene and early Miocene of Japan. Six drill holes attributed to octopods were found in epifaunal and semiburrowing crabs; three drill holes attributed to gastropods were discovered in semiburrowing and epifaunal crabs, and in a burrowing mud shrimp; and the producer of two other drill holes in epifaunal crabs is unknown. Other possible drill holes occur in decapods from the Holocene and early Miocene of Japan and the late Eocene of the United States. Drill-hole predation intensities in decapod faunas by stratigraphic formation are low (#2.7%), at least in part due to multiple biases such as preservation and molting.

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The Fossil Record of Shell-Breaking Predation on Marine Bivalves and Gastropods

Cited by 95 publications

References 102 publications

Shell ornamentation as a likely exaptation: evidence from predatory drilling on Cenozoic bivalves

Shell ornamentation as a likely exaptation: evidence from predatory drilling on Cenozoic bivalves

Trophic heterogeneity in salt marshes of the northern Gulf of Mexico

An Overview of Predation Evidence Found on Fossil Decapod Crustaceans With New Examples of Drill Holes Attributed to Gastropods and Octopods

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