The four dimensions of cereal aphids

Dean, G. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1974.tb01390.x

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Longevity was not influenced by level of fertilisation, but aphids reared in the glasshouse lived longer than those reared in the field. This was to be expected as environmental conditions in the glasshouse were maintained within narrow limits, whereas aphids in the field would have been subjected to greater fluctuations in temperature, humidity, wind and light and these conditions-especially temperature, which has a major effect on aphid development [7]-would have had an influence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Nitrogen Fertilisation Effects on the Performance of the Cereal Aphid Metopolophium dirhodum

Gash

2012

Agronomy

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Abstract:The effects of five rates of nitrogen fertiliser applications on the performance of the cereal aphid Metopolophium dirhodum on winter wheat, within the range of rates recommended for UK crops, were investigated over two seasons in field-grown crops and also on plants grown in the glasshouse. Longevity was unaffected by the level of fertilisation, but aphid intrinsic rate of increase and fecundity increased with each level applied. In the second field season, when a higher upper limit was used, many of these increases were significant. A previously unreported finding for this species was that there was a significant decrease in fecundity for the highest rate of fertilisation. Results for the glasshouse-reared aphids followed a similar pattern to those in the field, and overall they underline recent reports in the literature of the negative effects of high nutrient concentrations on the performance of herbivorous insects. The underlying reasons for these are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Nitrogen Fertilisation Effects on the Performance of the Cereal Aphid Metopolophium dirhodum

Gash

2012

Agronomy

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“…These aphids have somewhat different temporal and spatial distributions on wheat plants (Dean 1974). Generally, R. padi and S. graminus occur earlier than S. avenae and damage the wheat stems and lower leaves at the seedling stage, whereas S. avenae becomes evident at the booting stage and mostly feeds on ears, grains, and upper leaves (Dean 1974, Leather andLehti 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Elevated CO2 Changes Interspecific Competition Among Three Species of Wheat Aphids: Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Schizaphis graminum

Sun¹,

Chen²,

Ge³

2009

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Effects of elevated CO2 (twice ambient) on the interspecific competition among three species of wheat aphids (Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Schizaphis graminum) and on wheat-aphid interactions were studied. Wheat plants had higher biomass and yield and lower water and nitrogen content of grain when grown under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2; levels of condensed tannins, total phenols, and total nonstructural carbohydrates were also higher in wheat ears under elevated CO2. Compared with ambient CO2, elevated CO2 increased the abundance of R. padi when introduced solely but reduced its abundance when S. avenae was also present. The spatial distribution of wheat aphids was apparently influenced by CO2 levels, with significantly more S. avenae on ears and a more even distribution of R. padi on wheat plants under elevated CO2 versus ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 did not affect the abundance and spatial distribution of S. graminus when inoculated solely. Moreover, when S. avenae was present with either R. padi or S. graminum, spatial niche overlap was significantly decreased with elevated CO2. When three species co-occurred, elevated CO2 reduced spatial niche overlap between S. avenae and S. graminum and between R. padi and S. graminum. Our results suggest that increases in atmospheric CO2 would alleviate interspecific competition for these cases, which would accentuate the abundance of and the damage caused by these wheat aphids.

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“…Many differences in colony structure may arise from differences in the way particular aphid species alter host plant physiology during the feeding process. Studies with R. padi show that they prefer feeding at the base of the stem and on the lower leaves of cereal seedlings (Dean 1974, Leather and Lehti 1982, Gianoli 2000. S. graminum are known to feed preferentially on the undersides of lower leaves, whereas D. noxia prefer upper leaves of the wheat plant, which roll because of the feeding, forming protected microhabitats (Macedo et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cereal aphids are known to have distinctive patterns of plant infestation on both temporal and spatial scales (Dean 1974). Both D. noxia and S. graminum feed in dense aggregations, whereas R. padi colonies are more "spaced out," with substantially greater distance between feeding individuals (Messina et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%