The Fractal Nature of Premixed Turbulent Flames

Large Eddy Simulation of Premixed Combustion in Spark Ignited Engines Using a Dynamic Flame Surface Density Model

“…This indicates a fractal dimension close to a value of 2.5. In general this value for engine applications is found to be quite high, compared to the typical range of 2.2 -2.4, often found in experimental literature [53].…”

Comparação Entre Os Modelos De Combustão Wiebe E Fractal Para Simulação Computacional De Um Motor Flex Operando Com Diferentes Misturas De Gasolina-Etanol

“…De acordo com North et al [11] esse estágio começa pela formação de plasma seguida pela evolução da chama de kernel. O software BOOST inclui um parâmetro (c ign ) que é responsável por ajustar a evolução da chama de kernel, que em geral é em torno de 200ms.…”

Modelling the effects of combustion and turbulence on near-wall temperature gradients in the cylinders of spark ignition engines

“…Fractal flame models (FFMs) have been used successfully in engines even though u9au l is often less than this critical limit because the scales of turbulence smaller than those exhibiting fractal behaviour do not contribute to the convolution of the flame surface as they are smoothed out by the laminar flame propagation [46]. Length l min has been observed to be 1.3±5.8 times the Kolmogorov length scale l K [48,49]. In the light of this, the minimum length scale is specified as 3l K , where l K is computed from the turbulence dissipation rate and the gas kinematic viscosity using the expression…”