The fracture and fatigue behaviour of nano-modified epoxy polymers

Blackman, B.R.K.; Kinloch, A. J.; Lee, J. Sohn; Taylor, A. C.; Agarwal, R.; Schueneman, Gregory T.; Sprenger, Stephan

doi:10.1007/s10853-007-1768-6

Cited by 164 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Indeed, the measured void size was slightly higher than the average diameter of silica particles, revealing that plastic void growth had occurred during fatigue crack propagation. Such a particle debonding-plastic void growth mechanism has been previously observed in epoxy polymers containing nano-silica particles [12,13]. The ERS polymer shows indications of both the energy dissipating mechanisms being operative, i.e.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

et al. 2009

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A thermosetting epoxy resin was modified and four different types of bulk epoxy polymer sheets were prepared: (i) neat epoxy, (ii) epoxy with 9 wt.% rubber micro-particles, (iii) epoxy with 10 wt. % silica nano-particles, and (iv) epoxy with both 9 wt.% micron-rubber and 10 wt.% nano-silica particles. The tensile fatigue behaviour at a stress ratio R = 0.1 was investigated for all the materials. Addition of either the micron-rubber or nano-silica particles alone in the epoxy polymer had almost a similar beneficial effect and enhanced the fatigue life by about three to four times. The presence of both micron-rubber and nano-silica particles resulted in a further significant enhancement of the fatigue life, by about six to ten times. Fractographic studies suggested that the energy-dissipating mechanisms such as rubber cavitation and silica particle debonding, both being followed by plastic void growth of the epoxy, contributed to the enhanced fatigue lives which were observed in the modified epoxy polymers. Introduction:

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

et al. 2009

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“…Previous work using silica nanoparticles has shown that they can increase the toughness of epoxy polymers, and also increase their cyclic-fatigue performance [22][23]. The toughening mechanisms have been previously reviewed and identified [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toughness of epoxy polymers and fibre composites modified with rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles

et al. 2009

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The present paper investigates the effect of adding silica nanoparticles to an anhydride-cured epoxy polymer in bulk and when used as the matrix of carbon-and glass-fibre reinforced composites. The formation of 'hybrid' epoxy polymers, containing both silica nanoparticles and carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) rubber microparticles, is also discussed. The structure/property relationships are considered, with an emphasis on the toughness and the toughening mechanisms. The fracture energy of the bulk epoxy polymer was increased from 77 to 212 J/m 2 by the presence of 20 wt.% of silica nanoparticles. The observed toughening mechanisms that were operative were (a) plastic shear-yield bands, and (b) debonding of the matrix from the silica nanoparticles, followed by plastic void-growth of the epoxy. The largest increases in toughness observed were for the 'hybrid' materials. Here a maximum fracture energy of 965 J/m 2 was measured for a 'hybrid' epoxy polymer containing 9 wt.% and 15 wt.% of the rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles, respectively. Most noteworthy was the observation that these increases in the toughness of the bulk polymers were found to be transferred to the fibre composites. Indeed, the interlaminar fracture energies for the fibre-composites materials were increased even further by a fibre-bridging toughening mechanism. The present work also extends an existing model to predict the toughening effect of the nanoparticles in a thermoset polymer. There was excellent agreement between the predictions and the experimental data for the epoxy containing the silica nanoparticles, and for epoxy polymers containing micrometre-sized glass particles. The latter, relatively large, glass particles were investigated to establish whether a 'nanoeffect', with respect to increasing the toughness of the epoxy bulk polymers, did indeed exist.

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“…Kinloch et al 30 looked into the fatigue performance of such systems. The modulus was increased by 30% and K 1c was increased by 73% at 20.2 wt % nanosilica.…”

Section: Anhydride-cured Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin composites with surface‐modified silicon dioxide nanoparticles: A review

Sprenger

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

150

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Surface-modified silica nanoparticles, 20 nm in size and with a very narrow particle size distribution, have been available as concentrates in epoxy resins in industrial quantities for the last 10 years. They can be used in epoxy resin formulations to improve many different properties, including the strength, modulus, toughness, and fatigue performance. In this review, I examine the literature published in the last decade, compare the results with a focus on the mechanical properties, and discuss the mechanisms responsible for property improvements.

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The fracture and fatigue behaviour of nano-modified epoxy polymers

Cited by 164 publications

References 8 publications

The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

The cyclic-fatigue behaviour of an epoxy polymer modified with micron-rubber and nano-silica particles

The toughness of epoxy polymers and fibre composites modified with rubber microparticles and silica nanoparticles

Epoxy resin composites with surface‐modified silicon dioxide nanoparticles: A review

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