“…The purpose of Study 1 was to explicate the relationship between selfhandicapping (Jones & Rhodewalt, 1982) and free will beliefs (Rakos, Laurene, Skala, & Slane, 2008;Paulhus & Carey, 2011;Deery, Davis, & Carey, 2015), as well as related constructs such as beliefs about control (Levenson, 1973;Lefcourt, von Baeyer, Ware, & Cox, 1979), and effort (Schwarzer Bäßler, Kwiatek, Schröder, & Zhang, 1997;McCrea, Hirt, Hendrix, & Milner, 2008). We expected that there would be a positive relationship between free will beliefs, internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and belief in the value of effort, as well as a negative relationship between these constructs and scores on the selfhandicapping scale.…”