The French contribution to the voluntary observing ships network of sea surface salinity

Alory, Gaël; Delcroix, Thierry; Téchiné, Philippe; Diverrès, Denis; Varillon, David; Cravatte, Sophie; Gouriou, Yves; Grelet, Jacques; Jacquin, Stéphane; Kestenare, Élodie; Maes, Christophe; Morrow, Rosemary; Perrier, Jean‐Philippe; Reverdin, Gilles; Roubaud, F.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2015.08.005

Cited by 69 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Sea surface S (SSS) data are measured on Nuka using a SBE‐21 Seacat thermosalinograph. The data are calibrated following Alory et al (), excluding data that are indicative of insufficient water flow rates. The remaining data are corrected based on in situ water samples, collected across the Atlantic and analyzed at the Grønland Naturinstitut, Nuuk, Greenland, and occasional close‐by Argo data with quality flags “good.” Corrections are typically in the range of 0 to 0.6 psu.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO₂ in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

et al. 2019

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For continental shelf regions, the long‐term trend in sea surface carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure (pCO2) and rates of ocean acidification are not accurately known. Here, we investigate the decadal trend of observed wintertime pCO2 as well as computed wintertime pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωar) in the northern North Sea, using the first decade long monthly underway data from a voluntary observing ship covering the period 2004–2015. We also evaluate how seawater CO2 chemistry, in response to physical and biological processes, drives variations in the above parameters on seasonal and interannual timescales. In the northern North Sea, pCO2, pH, and Ωar are subject to strong seasonal variations with mean wintertime values of 375 ± 11 μatm, 8.17 ± 0.01, and 1.96 ± 0.05. Dissolved inorganic carbon is found to be the primary driver of both seasonal and interannual changes while total alkalinity and sea surface temperature have secondary effects that reduce the changes produced by dissolved inorganic carbon. Average interannual variations during winter are around 3%, 0.1%, and 2% for pCO2, pH, and Ωar, respectively and slightly larger in the eastern part of the study area (Skagerrak region) than in the western part (North Atlantic Water region). Statistically significant long‐term trends were found only in the North Atlantic Water region with mean annual rates of 2.39 ± 0.58 μatm/year, −0.0024 ± 0.001 year‐1, and −0.010 ± 0.003 year‐1 for pCO2, pH, and Ωar, respectively. The drivers of the observed trends as well as reasons for the lack of statistically significant trends in the Skagerrak region are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO₂ in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

et al. 2019

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“…The remaining data were calibrated following Alory et al (2015), using in situ water samples collected across the Atlantic and analyzed for salinity at the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland, and also using salinity values flagged as "good" from nearby Argo floats. Data indicative of too weak flow speeds or bubbles in the water flow have been excluded (approximately 20%).…”

Section: 1029/2018gl080554mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime fCO₂ Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic Since 2004

Fröb

Olsen

Becker

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Winter data of surface ocean temperature (SST), salinity (SSS) and CO2 fugacity (fCO2) collected on the VOS M/V Nuka Arctica in the subpolar North Atlantic between 2004 and 2017 are used to establish trends, drivers, and interannual variability. Over the period, waters cooled and freshened, and the fCO2 increased at a rate similar to the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. When accounting for the freshening, the inferred increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was found to be approximately twice that expected from atmospheric CO2 alone. This is attributed to the cooling. In the Irminger Sea, fCO2 exhibited additional interannual variations driven by atmospheric forcing through winter mixing. As winter fCO2 in the region is close to the atmospheric, the subpolar North Atlantic has varied between being slightly supersaturated and slightly undersaturated over the investigated period.

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“…The SSS data are compiled from independently validated and bias-corrected in situ data sets from 1896 to 2013. The main data sources are previously described oceanographic research sections, weather ships, and ships-of-opportunity transects [Reverdin et al, 1994;Reverdin, 1996;Reverdin et al, 1997;Alory et al, 2015]. These are complemented by selected and validated upper level data from Nansen bottles and conductivity-temperature-depth casts from the World Ocean Database , Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic moorings [Bourlès et al, 2008], and Argo float profiles from the Coriolis data set [Gould et al, 2004;Cabanes et al, 2013].…”

Section: Salinity Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A new record of Atlantic sea surface salinity from 1896 to 2013 reveals the signatures of climate variability and long‐term trends

Friedman

Reverdin

Khodri

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Sea surface salinity (SSS) is a major ocean circulation component and indicator of the hydrological cycle. Here we investigate an unprecedented Atlantic SSS compilation from 1896 to 2013 and analyze the main modes of SSS decadal variability. Using principal component analysis, we find that the low‐latitude (tropical and subtropical) Atlantic and the subpolar Atlantic have distinct variability. Subpolar and low‐latitude SSS are negatively correlated, with subpolar anomalies leading low‐latitude anomalies by about a decade. Subpolar SSS varies in phase with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), whereas low‐latitude SSS varies in phase with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Additionally, northern tropical SSS is anticorrelated with Sahel rainfall, suggesting that SSS reflects the Intertropical Convergence Zone latitude. The 1896–2013 SSS trend shows amplification of the mean SSS field, with subpolar freshening and low‐latitude salinification. The AMO and NAO have little effect on the long‐term trend but contribute to the trend since 1970.

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The French contribution to the voluntary observing ships network of sea surface salinity

Cited by 69 publications

References 96 publications

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO₂ in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO₂ in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

Wintertime fCO₂ Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic Since 2004

A new record of Atlantic sea surface salinity from 1896 to 2013 reveals the signatures of climate variability and long‐term trends

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The French contribution to the voluntary observing ships network of sea surface salinity

Cited by 69 publications

References 96 publications

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO2 in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO2 in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

Wintertime fCO2 Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic Since 2004

A new record of Atlantic sea surface salinity from 1896 to 2013 reveals the signatures of climate variability and long‐term trends

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO₂ in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

Trends of Ocean Acidification and pCO₂ in the Northern North Sea, 2003–2015

Wintertime fCO₂ Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic Since 2004