The frequencies of the <i>ABO</i> and Rh (<i>D</i>) blood groups in Ireland from a sample of 1 in 18 of the population

Dawson, George

doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1964.tb00459.x

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…ABO and Rh frequencies in the predominantly Presbyterian Lower Ards closely resemble those of southwest Scotland (Tills, Teesdale and Mourant 1977), the source of many immigrants during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Somewhat surprisingly, the corresponding frequencies in the strongly Roman Catholic Upper Ards are very similar to those of the west and south of Ireland (Dawson 1964), generally regarded as the most typically Irish regions in the country. If one accepts the hypothesis that the relatively high blood group A frequencies found in southeast Ireland are indicative of substantial Anglo-Norman ancestry (Hackett, Dawson and Dawson 1956), then the ABO data from the Upper Ards would suggest the population to be overwhelmingly Irish in origin with very little residual Anglo-Norman contribution to the current gene pool.…”

Section: Distance In Kilometres North To Southmentioning

confidence: 68%

ABO and Rh(D) blood group frequencies in the Ards Peninsula, northeastern Ireland: evidence for the continuing existence of a major politico-religious boundary

Bittles

Smith

1991

Annals of Human Biology

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Data are presented on the ABO and Rh(D) frequencies of 1685 individuals living in the Ards Peninsula, northeastern Ireland. Previous investigations based on surname analysis and linguistic studies showed a basic north-south population divide that could be traced back at least to the early seventeenth century. The current survey indicates the continuation of this divide, which is coincident with known patterns of religious persuasion.

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Section: Distance In Kilometres North To Southmentioning

confidence: 68%

ABO and Rh(D) blood group frequencies in the Ards Peninsula, northeastern Ireland: evidence for the continuing existence of a major politico-religious boundary

Bittles

Smith

1991

Annals of Human Biology

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“…This eastern region corresponds well with the area of greatest settlement by the Anglo-Normans, in which population there is a high frequency of the A group. 3 The frequency of Rh negative was found to be high in the east and lower in the west, ranging from 12 to 20%. However, a more recent study of genetic structure of the British Isles concluded that there was very little spatial genetic structure when studying several genetic systems including the ABO blood groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Genetic stratification of pathogen-response-related and other variants within a homogeneous Caucasian Irish population

et al. 2005

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Selection pressures from pathogens impact on the worldwide geographic distribution of polymorphisms in certain pathogen-response-associated genes. Such gene-specific effects could lead to confounding by geographic disease associations. We wished to determine if such constraints impinge on the genetic structure of a population of Irish patients and whether variants associated with responses to pathogens showed greater stratification. The counties of origin of each subject's grandparents were used as the geographic variable. F st, proportional to the extent of population structure, was low (mean F st ¼ 0.004 across 25 SNPs, range 0.001 -0.008) and it was not significantly higher for pathogen response SNPs (F st ¼ 0.004) than for other SNPs (F st ¼ 0.003, P ¼ 0.21). Correspondence analysis revealed weak trends primarily in approximately northeast to southwest and secondarily in northwest to southeast directions. One-dimensional spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a weak (Moran's I autocorrelation of À0.10) tendency for SNP frequencies to diverge with greater distance. Two-dimensional autocorrelation indicated a northeast to southwest gradient that was similar for both the pathogen response and other SNPs. The southeastern county, Wexford, showed a distinctive pattern, perhaps consistent with Anglo-Norman settlements. In conclusion, these results indicate that pathogen response SNPs do not exhibit significantly more population structure than other SNPs within this Caucasian population. This suggests that the specific population structure of particular genes may not typically be a cause of strong confounding in genetic studies where population structure is controlled.

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“…In addition, North et al (1999) also found evidence of an east-west cline using spatial autocorrelation analysis on a subset of these anthropometric data. Evidence of this cline is not limited to anthropometric variation; an east-west difference has also been detected in studies of blood groups (Hackett et al, 1956;Hackett and Dawson, 1958;Dawson, 1964;Tills et al, 1977), phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) haplotypes (O'Donnell et al, 2002), and Y-chromosome markers (Hill et al, 2000). Several explanations have been offered to explain the east-west cline, including continuation of a Neolithic dispersal across Europe into and across Ireland (Hill et al, 2000;O'Donnell, 2002), successive waves of migrants displacing previous inhabitants and pushing them westward (Hooton et al, 1955;North et al, 1999), and the concentration of migrants from England and Wales in the north and east of Ireland over the past 400 years (Tills et al, 1977;Relethford and Crawford, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Geostatistics and spatial analysis in biological anthropology

Relethford

2008

American J Phys Anthropol

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A variety of methods have been used to make evolutionary inferences based on the spatial distribution of biological data, including reconstructing population history and detection of the geographic pattern of natural selection. This article provides an examination of geostatistical analysis, a method used widely in geology but which has not often been applied in biological anthropology. Geostatistical analysis begins with the examination of a variogram, a plot showing the relationship between a biological distance measure and the geographic distance between data points and which provides information on the extent and pattern of spatial correlation. The results of variogram analysis are used for interpolating values of unknown data points in order to construct a contour map, a process known as kriging. The methods of geostatistical analysis and discussion of potential problems are applied to a large data set of anthropometric measures for 197 populations in Ireland. The geostatistical analysis reveals two major sources of spatial variation. One pattern, seen for overall body and craniofacial size, shows an east-west cline most likely reflecting the combined effects of past population dispersal and settlement. The second pattern is seen for craniofacial height and shows an isolation by distance pattern reflecting rapid spatial changes in the midlands region of Ireland, perhaps attributable to the genetic impact of the Vikings. The correspondence of these results with other analyses of these data and the additional insights generated from variogram analysis and kriging illustrate the potential utility of geostatistical analysis in biological anthropology.

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The frequencies of the ABO and Rh (D) blood groups in Ireland from a sample of 1 in 18 of the population

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

ABO and Rh(D) blood group frequencies in the Ards Peninsula, northeastern Ireland: evidence for the continuing existence of a major politico-religious boundary

ABO and Rh(D) blood group frequencies in the Ards Peninsula, northeastern Ireland: evidence for the continuing existence of a major politico-religious boundary

Genetic stratification of pathogen-response-related and other variants within a homogeneous Caucasian Irish population

Geostatistics and spatial analysis in biological anthropology

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