The frequency and distribution of medium-sized neurons with indented nuclei in the primate and rodent neostriatum

Graveland, Gerda A.; DiFiglia, Marian

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91524-0

Cited by 274 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This suggests that the increase of these peptides may reflect elevated precursor synthesis, consistent with the elevated preproenkephalin mRNA levels in the striatum after chronic nicotine application (15). Another class of opioid peptides, dynorphins derived from PDYN including dynorphin (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and dynorphin(1-8), was not modulated by chronic nicotine. This is consistent with previous literature linking PDYN peptides to aversive states associated with drug withdrawal (47), which were not induced in our experiment.…”

Section: Table I Changed Prohormone-derived Peptides and Unchanged Knmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Immunoassay studies have shown that neuropeptides, including substance P, neuropeptide Y, and opioid peptides, including the enkephalins, are expressed by inhibitory neurons (8), which make up a large majority of the neurons in the DS (9). Many of these inhibitory GABAergic neurons express nicotinic cholinergic receptors (10), suggesting that nicotine administration may regulate their activity, leading to variations in the release of neuropeptides, as well as the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chronic Nicotine Treatment Impacts the Regulation of Opioid and Non-opioid Peptides in the Rat Dorsal Striatum

Petruzziello

Falasca

Andrén

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The chronic use of nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient of tobacco smoking, alters diverse physiological processes and consequently generates physical dependence. To understand the impact of chronic nicotine on neuropeptides, which are potential molecules associated with dependence, we conducted qualitative and quantitative neuropeptidomics on the rat dorsal striatum, an important brain region implicated in the preoccupation/ craving phase of drug dependence. We used extensive LC-FT-MS/MS analyses for neuropeptide identification and LC-FT-MS in conjunction with stable isotope addition for relative quantification. The treatment with chronic nicotine for 3 months led to moderate changes in the levels of endogenous dorsal striatum peptides. Five enkephalin opioid peptides were up-regulated, although no change was observed for dynorphin peptides. Specially, nicotine altered levels of nine non-opioid peptides derived from precursors, including somatostatin and cerebellin, which potentially modulate neurotransmitter release and energy metabolism. This broad but selective impact on the multiple peptidergic systems suggests that apart from the opioid peptides, several other peptidergic systems are involved in the preoccupation/craving phase of drug dependence. Our finding permits future evaluation of the neurochemical circuits modulated by chronic nicotine exposure and provides a number of novel molecules that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating drug dependence. Molecular & Cellular

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Section: Table I Changed Prohormone-derived Peptides and Unchanged Knmentioning

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Nicotine Treatment Impacts the Regulation of Opioid and Non-opioid Peptides in the Rat Dorsal Striatum

Petruzziello

Falasca

Andrén

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…We will not consider the globus pallidus, which composes the paleostriatum. The principal neurons of the striatum are the medium spiny projection neurons, which make up about 90 -95% of the total striatal neuronal population (Graveland and DiFiglia, 1985). These neurons are inhibitory, using ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as their primary neurotransmitter.…”

Section: Basic Anatomical Features Of the Striatummentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic interneuron characteristics and nicotinic properties in the striatum

2002

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ABSTRACT:The neostriatum (dorsal striatum) is composed of the caudate and putamen. The ventral striatum is the ventral conjunction of the caudate and putamen that merges into and includes the nucleus accumbens and striatal portions of the olfactory tubercle. About 2% of the striatal neurons are cholinergic. Most cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system make diffuse projections that sparsely innervate relatively broad areas. In the striatum, however, the cholinergic neurons are interneurons that provide very dense local innervation. The cholinergic interneurons provide an ongoing acetylcholine (ACh) signal by firing action potentials tonically at about 5 Hz. A high concentration of acetylcholinesterase in the striatum rapidly terminates the ACh signal, and thereby minimizes desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Among the many muscarinic and nicotinic striatal mechanisms, the ongoing nicotinic activity potently enhances dopamine release. This process is among those in the striatum that link the two extensive and dense local arbors of the cholinergic interneurons and dopaminergic afferent fibers. During a conditioned motor task, cholinergic interneurons respond with a pause in their tonic firing. It is reasonable to hypothesize that this pause in the cholinergic activity alters action potential dependent dopamine release. The correlated response of these two broad and dense neurotransmitter systems helps to coordinate the output of the striatum, and is likely to be an important process in sensorimotor planning and learning.

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“…Exploiting the ease of manipulation within cultured networks, we start with a single-cell suspension of hippocampal neurons, which are approximately 80% excitatory [25]. To this suspension, we titrate individual neurons from the striatum, which are nearly 100% inhibitory [26,27]. We culture these networks onto an array of electrodes and after a few days, excitatory and inhibitory connections spontaneously form.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observed network dynamics from altering the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in cultured networks

Chen

Dzakpasu

2010

Phys. Rev. E

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Complexity in the temporal organization of neural systems may be a reflection of the diversity of their neural constituents. These constituents, excitatory and inhibitory neurons, comprise a well-defined ratio in vivo and form the substrate for rhythmic oscillatory activity. To begin to elucidate the dynamical implications that underlie this balance, we construct novel neural circuits not ordinarily found in nature and study the resulting temporal patterns. We culture several networks of neurons composed of varying fractions of excitatory and inhibitory cells and use a multi-electrode array to study their temporal dynamics as this balance is modulated. We use the electrode burst as the temporal imprimatur to signify the presence of network activity. Burst durations, inter-burst intervals, and the number of spikes participating within a burst are used to illustrate the vivid differences in the temporal organization between the various cultured networks. When the network consists largely of excitatory neurons, no network temporal structure is apparent. However, the addition of inhibitory neurons evokes a temporal order. Calculation of the temporal autocorrelation shows that when the number of inhibitory neurons is a major fraction of the network, a striking network pattern materializes when none was previously present.

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The frequency and distribution of medium-sized neurons with indented nuclei in the primate and rodent neostriatum

Cited by 274 publications

References 17 publications

Chronic Nicotine Treatment Impacts the Regulation of Opioid and Non-opioid Peptides in the Rat Dorsal Striatum

Chronic Nicotine Treatment Impacts the Regulation of Opioid and Non-opioid Peptides in the Rat Dorsal Striatum

Cholinergic interneuron characteristics and nicotinic properties in the striatum

Observed network dynamics from altering the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in cultured networks

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