The Future of Gunboat Diplomacy

Catastrophe and Conflict: Disaster Diplomacy and Its Foreign Policy Implications

“…For example, what are the meanings of 'peacefully', 'official', and even 'government'? Gunboat diplomacy (Cable, 1971) is about using military threats from a navy (easily expanded to other military forces) to achieve foreign policy objectives. It is ostensibly peaceful and diplomatic (soft power, as per Nye, 1990), yet pointedly carries the threat of violence and coercion (hard power).…”

Revisiting gunboat diplomacy: An instrument of threat or use of limited naval force

“…jurisdiction of fheir own state". 2 Thus gunboat diplomacy is a form of coercive diplomacy carried out in peacetime or in less than war situations and is intended to secure specific advantage from another state and forfeits its diplomatic character if it either contemplates the infliction of injury unrelated to obtaining that advantage or commits an otherwise act of war. Hence coercive, gunboat diplomacy is an alternative to war and if it leads to war then we must not only hold that it has failed,-but hesitate to give the name gunboat diplomacy.…”

“…1 Thus it is obvious that the political configuration of the world did little to dampen the use of naval forces as a tool for diplomacy.. ; ' ; ,.-.•.•-.•-; . , : .…”

Naval Diplomacy—A Theoretical Approach

“…An example of this ambiguous form of naval diplomacy is when a United States aircraft carrier group leaves port and steers south, only days after a military coup in South America. 22 This form could be likened to a subtle form of naval demonstration.…”