The game of trading jobs for emissions

Abstract

Following the debate on the implications of international trade for global climate policy, this paper introduces the topic of the economic benefits from trade obtained by exporting countries in relation to the emissions generated in the production of exports. In 2008, 24% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 20% of the employment around the world were linked to international trade. China “exported” 30% of emissions and hosted 37.5% of the jobs generated by trade worldwide. The European Union and the United States of America were the destination of 25% and 18.4% of the GHG emissions embodied in trade. The imports of these two regions contributed to the creation of 45% of the employment generated by international trade. This paper proposes the idea of including trade issues in international climate negotiations, taking into account not only the environmental burden generated by developed countries when displacing emissions to developing countries through their imports, but also the economic benefits of developing countries producing the goods exported to developed countries

Main drivers of changes in CO2 emissions in the Spanish economy: A structural decomposition analysis

“…By using a multiregional analysis that is also based on WIOD database, it could be feasible to find information for the carbon footprint. Available results offered by Arto et al (2012) and Mundaca et al (2015) for the Swedish case seems to support our hypothesis. Any case, this interesting issue exceeds the aim of this paper.…”

A multi-regional input-output analysis of ozone precursor emissions embodied in Spanish international trade

“…As the literature suggests, multi-regional input-output models (MRIO) are the most appropriate tool for the calculation to account for emissions to air, either from the production perspective or from the consumption perspective (Miller and Blair, 2009, Wiedmann, 2009, Zhou and Imura, 2011, Su and Ang, 2014, Zhang et al, 2015, Hong et al, 2016, Brizga et al 2016and Jiang et al, 2016. To the best of our knowledge, the only previous paper on ozone precursor emissions using a multi-regional input output model is Arto et al (2012). This paper contributes to the literature in three areas.…”

“…Secondly, the most recent available version of environmental accounts of World Input-Output Database (WIOD) has been used, i.e. 2009 (Arto et al, 2012(Arto et al, , used the year 2008. And thirdly, some general policy recommendations are provided based on the results.…”

A review and comparative assessment of existing approaches to calculate material footprints

“…Note that the criteria in group B were applied to five different data types (input-output, monetary trade, physical trade, material extraction, and material coefficients). For a more detailed description of the evaluation methodology, see Lutter and Giljum (2014 (Arto et al, 2012; GWS et al…”