The gel-forming polysaccharide of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata Forsk)

Fischer, Milton H.; Yu, Nanxiong; Gray, Gary R.; Ralph, John; Anderson, Louise E.; Marlett, Judith A.

doi:10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.023

Cited by 322 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Whereas O-3 substituted arabinose is characteristic of the grasses, many dicot species have O-2 substituted arabinose (38,41,42). In addition, flax and psyllium seed mucilage have been shown to contain α-(1,2) α-(1,3) disubstituted or α-(1,3) monosubstituted arabinose on xylan, respectively (39,40). Thus, having dicot orthologs in Clade C.II is not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether XAX1 is acting directly on xylan substrates in the microsomes or activating endogenous xylosyl transferases in the microsomes is unknown. It is also unknown what endogenous acceptors are present in tobacco; although a detailed biochemical analysis is yet to be completed on tobacco xylan, analyses from diverse dicot species, including, sycamore (38), flax (39), psyllium (40), Litsea (41, 42), and Cinnamomum cassia (43), have been characterized to have arabinosyl residues on their xylan, indicating that such residues are common if not universal among dicots, also indicating that tobacco may also have some arabinosyl residues on xylan acting as the endogenous acceptors. XAX1 is primarily expressed in younger tissue, including seedlings 7 d postgermination (dpg) and has the highest expression in the immature panicle, and the lowest expression in mature stems and older leaves ( Fig.…”

Section: Xax1 Is a Golgi-localized Protein Specifically Expressed In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan

Chiniquy

Sharma

Schultink

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

161

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Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth and represents an immense quantity of stored energy for biofuel production. Despite its importance, most of the enzymes that synthesize xylan have yet to be identified. Xylans have a backbone of β-1,4–linked xylose residues with substitutions that include α-(1→2)–linked glucuronosyl, 4- O -methyl glucuronosyl, and α-1,2- and α-1,3-arabinofuranosyl residues. The substitutions are structurally diverse and vary by taxonomy, with grass xylan representing a unique composition distinct from dicots and other monocots. To date, no enzyme has yet been identified that is specific to grass xylan synthesis. We identified a xylose-deficient loss-of-function rice mutant in Os02g22380, a putative glycosyltransferase in a grass-specific subfamily of family GT61. We designate the mutant xax1 for x ylosyl a rabinosyl substitution of x ylan 1. Enzymatic fingerprinting of xylan showed the specific absence in the mutant of a peak, which was isolated and determined by 1 H-NMR to be (β-1,4-Xyl) 4 with a β-Xyl p -(1→2)-α-Ara f -(1→3). Rice xax1 mutant plants are deficient in ferulic and coumaric acid, aromatic compounds known to be attached to arabinosyl residues in xylan substituted with xylosyl residues. The xax1 mutant plants exhibit an increased extractability of xylan and increased saccharification, probably reflecting a lower degree of diferulic cross-links. Activity assays with microsomes isolated from tobacco plants transiently expressing XAX1 demonstrated xylosyltransferase activity onto endogenous acceptors. Our results provide insight into grass xylan synthesis and how substitutions may be modified for increased saccharification for biofuel generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Xax1 Is a Golgi-localized Protein Specifically Expressed In mentioning

confidence: 99%

XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan

Chiniquy

Sharma

Schultink

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

161

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“…Hence we used alkali-extractable polysaccharides of psyllium in this work. 9 In the formulation experiments, total polymer concentration was selected to be 2.5% w/v according to our previous study. 4 Beads with narrow size distribution ranging from 1.85 ± 0.05 to 2.40 ± 0.18 mm were achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is structurally consists of xylose units with arabinose and xylose in the side chains. 9 Psyllium seeds are primarily used in traditional herbal medicine to treat various disorders and some of its claimed health benefits have been scientifically approved now. There are several reports regarding the application of psyllium for treatment of constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Psyllium on the Viability of Lactobacillus Acidophilus in Alginate-Polyl Lysine Beads

et al. 2016

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“…Then, 10 ml of distilled water was added to each centrifuge tube and allowed to centrifuge for 2 hrs at 3000 rpm. After the centrifugation process, the tarred centrifuge tube was taken out and inverted to remove the supernatant liquid [16]. The decanted tube then weighed on digital balance and the HC was calculated using the following equation.…”

Section: Hydration Capacity (Hc) Of Superdisintegrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Fast Disintegrating Tablets Using Natural Superdisintegrants

Sarfaraz¹,

Sharma

2016

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The main objective of this research was to formulate the fast disintegrating tablets (FDT's) of flurbiprofen incorporating superdisintegrants, isolated from natural sources such as Plantago ovata (PO) seeds, Lepidium sativum (LS) seeds, and agar-agar (malt agar).Methods: Superdisintegrants were isolated from their natural sources using reported methods. Swelling index and hydration capacity were determined for the natural superdisintegrants to know their disintegration capacity. The tablet formulations were designed using isolated natural superdisintegrants. The powder blends were evaluated for pre-compressional parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio. FDT's were prepared by direct compression method. The compressed tablets were characterized for post-compression parameters.Results: All formulations had hardness, friability, weight variation, and drug content within the pharmacopoeial limits. The wetting time was 84-254 seconds, in vitro disintegration time was between 59.2 and 221 seconds, and in vitro drug release was as low as LS1 -11.80% to a maximum of PO4 -98.99% after 4 minutes of study. Among all, optimized formulation was PO4, as it showed good wetting time 84 seconds, fastest disintegration time 59.2 seconds, dispersion time 135 seconds, and drug release of 98.99% within 4 minutes. Conclusion:Flurbiprofen FDT's were successfully developed using isolated natural disintegrants. The natural disintegrants isolated showed promising results and can prove as effective alternative for synthetic disintegrants.

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The gel-forming polysaccharide of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata Forsk)

Cited by 322 publications

References 26 publications

XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan

XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan

Evaluation of the Effect of Psyllium on the Viability of Lactobacillus Acidophilus in Alginate-Polyl Lysine Beads

Formulation and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Fast Disintegrating Tablets Using Natural Superdisintegrants

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