The GEM Theory of the Unification of Gravitation and Electro-Magnetism

Abstract

The GEM (Gravity Electro-Magnetism), theory is presented as an alloy of Sakharov and Kaluza-Klein approaches to field unification. GEM uses the concept ofgravity fields as Poynting fields to postulate that the non-metric portion of the EM stress tensor becomes the metric tensor in strong fields leading to "self-censorship". Covariant formulation of the GEM theory is accomplished through definition of the spacetime metric tensor as a portion of the EM stress tensor normalized by its own trace: g ab = 4 (F c a F cb )/(F ab F ab ), it is found that this results in a massless ground state vacuum and a Newtonian gravitation potential f=½ E 2 /B 2 =GM/r , where E, B and F are part of the vacuum Zero Point Fluctuation (ZPF), M and r are the mass and distance from the center of a gravitating body, and G is the Newton gravitation constant. It is found that a Lorentz flat-space metric is recovered in the limit of a vacuum full spectrum ZPF. The vacuum ZPF energy and vacuum quantities G, h, c, gives birth to particles quantities m p , m e , e,-e in a process triggered by the appearance of the Kaluza-Klein fifth dimension, where also the EM and gravity forces split from each other in a process correlated to the splitting apart of protons and electrons. The separate appearance of the proton and electron occurs as the splitting of a light-like spacetime interval of zero-length into a finite space-like portion containing three subdimensions identified with the quarks and a time-like portion identified with the electron. The separation of mass with charge for the electron and proton pair comes about from a U (1) .6684x10 -11 dynes-cm 2 /g 2 , without free parameters, which is within 1 part per thousand of the measured value. We also have from the mass model, where q'/e = a -1/2 is the normalized Planck charge, and where M P is the Planck mass, a formula for the proton mass : m p =M P s q'/e = 1.71 x10 -24 g and thus is accurate to 2.5% , also without free parameters. GEM theory is now validated through the the Standard Model of physics. Derivation of the value of the Gravitation constant based on the observed variation of a with energy: results in the formula G @ hc/M hc 2 exp ( -1/(1.61a)), where a is the fine structure constant, h, is Plancks constant, c, is the speed of light, and M hc is the mass of the h cc Charmonium meson, and is shown to be identical to that derived from GEM postulates. GEM is thus consistent with quantum renormalization with an ultraviolet cutoff at the Planck length. More accurate values of G m e and m p are found by perturbation theory.

Invalidation and Proof of the Mass Gap and Viability of The Standard Model on a Discrete Spacetime

“…The generation of the solitons relies on a 7D, but essentially 5D, space time matter induction and scattering from an embedded 7D flat or Einsteinian space [18,22,73,143]. These models are also inspired from non-multi-fold theories [19][20][21][23][24][25]. Handling of chiral fermions, absent in odd spacetime of 5 or larger dimensions, matches the proposal for 5D wall domain Wilson fermions [11,64].…”

“…We have shown that SM and SM G is consistent on such a discrete spacetime. Note added on July 23, 2023: [184,185] further elaborates of consistency of QFT, Yang Mills and SM (as SMG) in the presence of gravity and seems to indicate that the universe must be multi-fold with a discrete spacetime and particles modeled as 7D space time matter induced or scattered QBall solitons or random walk patterns [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]119,153,165].…”

“…And so, for example, in order to handle Fermion doubling, we observe that the best approach so far, in our view at least, is based on using the 5D domain wall and Wilson fermions approach [11]. Interestingly this approach directly relates to the derivation of SM in multi-fold universes based on 7D, ~ 5D, multi-fold space time matter induction and scattering [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]119,153,165].…”

Multi-fold Gravity-Electroweak Theory and Symmetry Breaking

“…In a multi-fold universe, the model of [1] recovers the positioning of the right-handed neutrino as living at the entry and exit points of the multi-folds, at the edge of spacetime, behind the massive Higgs boson [14,16,18]; and the particles encountered in the 7D space time matter induction and scattering model [17,29] (One of them was identified in [17] as potentially the resulting massive neutrino: the M* in [31]), with all the necessary caveats 4 . Interestingly, both Higgs and M* are seen, from the multi-fold spacetime, as at the edge and within the 7D (5D in [31]) embedding universe [17]. It could be the interpretation of doublet companions encountered in [1].…”

“…The particles mentioned in[17], as derived in[31], were examples, not endorsement of the model of[31], and so no claim that the approach indeed leads to the neutrino (tau) matching M*.…”