The gendered division of space and access in working class areas of Lahore

Weiss, Anita M.

doi:10.1080/09584939808719830

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since there are no clear rules on how to interact with people from the opposite sex outside kinship, the evaluation of whether a certain conduct conforms to purdah or not — that is, whether behaviour is modest (Syed, 2010) or not — remains a matter of personal or collective interpretation, definition and negotiation (Marsden, 2008; Syed, 2010; Syed and Ali, 2006). However, since in many Pakistani families women embody their family's honour (Papanek, 1973; Pastner, 1974), they are more often than men subject to seclusion in space and time and, as a consequence, also, to various degrees of restriction in activity (Besio, 2006; CEDAW, 2007; Gratz, 1998; Hausmann et al ., 2010; Shaheed, 2009, 2002; Weiss, 1998).…”

Section: Women and Work In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negotiating Gender Relations: Muslim Women and Formal Employment in Pakistan's Rural Development Sector

Grünenfelder¹

2012

Gender Work & Organization

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Drawing on evidence from qualitative field research, this article explores how Pakistani female development practitioners experience their work situations as they are shaped both by local sociocultural norms and globalized development agendas. In this context, policies at global and national levels demand that more female development practitioners work in remote rural places in Pakistan, thus creating new employment opportunities for some Pakistani women. This article argues that, in this work environment, these women are exposed to different expectations about their gender behaviour and that they therefore develop physical strategies on the one hand and discursive strategies on the other in order to negotiate gender relations in a way that allows them to engage in formal employment. This article adds to under‐researched debates on gender and work in Muslim countries as well as to debates in critical development and gender studies.

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Section: Women and Work In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negotiating Gender Relations: Muslim Women and Formal Employment in Pakistan's Rural Development Sector

Grünenfelder¹

2012

Gender Work & Organization

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“…Experts on entrepreneurship in Pakistan report cultural and social norms to be more detrimental for entrepreneurship in the country than in factor‐driven and efficiency‐driven economies (Qureshi & Mian, 2012, p. 8). Weiss (1998), in her study of the walled city of Lahore, argued that the gender‐segregation of trading spaces confined women's economic activities to the private sphere of the household, making them vulnerable to exploitation by male middlemen and traders. Furthermore, the fact that women's mobility for all practical purposes is 50% lower than that of men in Pakistan places women entrepreneurs in a disadvantaged position (Adeel, 2016, pp.…”

Section: Empirical Settings and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, it fails to address a more crucial question related to the spatial dimension of networks. This dimension, defined by cultural norms in Pakistan, spells out gender‐defined roles in society and segregates trading spaces into public and private, the former reserved for men and the latter for women (Weiss, 1998). These gendered norms are internalized by women from their very childhood, which limit their ability to recognize and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities (Brush, de Bruin, & Welter, 2009).…”

Section: Developing An Sc Theoretical Frame For Women's Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact has led to a significant gap in the literature on women's entrepreneurial networks and the role these networks play in connecting home‐based activities, as a women's entrepreneurial sphere, to markets, as a men's entrepreneurial sphere. Understanding the role of these networks for women's entrepreneurial activities is critical in contexts characterized by similar features to those in Pakistan, where the cultural norms of parda (women's seclusion) and izat (honor) restrict women's economic activities to the domestic sphere (Al‐Dajani & Marlow, 2013; Weiss, 1998). Women's entry to markets as traders is culturally prohibited, and markets serve as men's entrepreneurial sphere (Khan, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women's entrepreneurship and social capital: Exploring the link between the domestic sphere and the marketplace in Pakistan

Khan

2020

Strategic Change

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Research on the social capital of women entrepreneurs in contexts characterized by gender segregation between men's and women's trading spaces is underdeveloped. The literature on women's entrepreneurship and the marketplace in Pakistan is one such example. This article contributes to the literature on the social capital of female entrepreneurs from a critical perspective by drawing on an exploratory case study of women's entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial networks in the Malakand District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Women's social capital was found to play a crucial role in the survival and expansion of their business activities by facilitating access to the men's trading sphere of the marketplace. It was also found that women exercise active agency in developing cross-gender economic networks but do so in ways that do not overtly challenge social norms.

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“…The relationship between women's status and purdah are complex and varied, depending on social context, Purdah has been closely associated with the social goals of protecting women's honor and reputation (Ahmed 1992). In Pakistan, the notion of purdah has been used to strengthen discriminatory policies toward women, thereby institutionalizing their low social and political status (Mumtaz and Shaheed 1987; Mumtaz and Anjum 1992;Sweetser 1993;Weiss 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental Health Risks and Gender in the Karakoram‐Himalaya, Northern Pakistan

Halvorson

2002

Geographical Review

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Many mountain peoples face water and environmental health problems. At particular risk is the health of women and of children who live in remote and marginalized mountain areas. Environmental health concerns are often associated with the waterborne parasitic and endemic diseases responsible for much child morbidity and mortality in the Karakoram-Himalaya of northern Pakistan. Poor environmental health and water-quality conditions affect child survival, and challenges to viable local interventions are severe. Transformations in women's productive and reproductive work have health consequences for children, and gender and household dynamics shape and mediate women's responses to environmental health risks. Significantly, these findings draw attention to the need for improved water and health policy, especially policy that recognizes different gender and child-care roles in mountainous regions of the developing world. Keywork: environmental health risk, Karakorarn-Himalaya, mountain development, Pakistw women.T h e critical role of women as managers of water and environmental health, especially in the Karakoram-Himalaya, has been largely overlooked in the academic literature. Studies of water resources, where available, focus on the functioning of irrigation systems in relation to securing and maintaining mountain "oasis" landscapes and agricultural systems (Whiteman

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The gendered division of space and access in working class areas of Lahore

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Negotiating Gender Relations: Muslim Women and Formal Employment in Pakistan's Rural Development Sector

Negotiating Gender Relations: Muslim Women and Formal Employment in Pakistan's Rural Development Sector

Women's entrepreneurship and social capital: Exploring the link between the domestic sphere and the marketplace in Pakistan

Environmental Health Risks and Gender in the Karakoram‐Himalaya, Northern Pakistan

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