The Gendered Poverty Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia

Cuesta, José; Pico, Julieth

doi:10.1057/s41287-020-00328-2

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, as was already mentioned, our model does not take into account any fiscal stimulus or social transfer plan setup by the government which is an important subject of further research [see for instance Habiyaremye et al ( 2021 ), Bhorat et al ( 2021 ), or Chitiga et al ( 2021 )]. Nevertheless, our results, simulated with a gendered CGE, are consistent with the impacts which have been empirically observed for labour markets, labour and poverty for South Africa (Ranchhod and Daniels ( 2021 )) or other developing countries (see for instance Cuesta and Pico ( 2020 ); Escalante and Maisonnave ( 2021 )). These model results offer consistent quantitative information on intersectoral dimensions of the COVID-19 crises on the economic situation of women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

How COVID-19 Pandemic Worsens the Economic Situation of Women in South Africa

et al. 2021

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Little is known about the general equilibrium impact COVID-19 induces on different gender groups. This paper addresses the problem of relatively few general equilibrium studies focusing on gender impacts of COVID-19. The analysis uses a gendered Computable General Equilibrium model linked to a microsimulation model that analyses a mild and severe scenario of the pandemic on economic and distributional outcomes for females. Irrespective of scenario, findings show that because women employment tend to have unskilled labour which is more concentrated in sectors that are hurt the most by COVID-19 response measures, they suffer disproportionately more from higher unemployment than their male counterparts. The poverty outcomes show worsened vulnerability for female-headed households given that, even prior to the pandemic, poverty was already higher amongst women. These simulated results are consistent with recently observed impacts and address research gaps important for well-designed public policies to reverse these trends.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

How COVID-19 Pandemic Worsens the Economic Situation of Women in South Africa

et al. 2021

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“…Despite some negative impacts of NPHIs, particularly lockdown [ 13 ], adoption of these measures have been vital to control the spread of COVID-19. Previous literature has shown the effectiveness of NPHIs such as hand hygiene, wearing facemasks, and contact-reducing strategies in controlling the spread of different infectious influenza-like diseases [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical public health interventions against COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Iezadi¹,

Gholipour

Azami-Aghdash

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Non-Pharmaceutical Public Health Interventions (NPHIs) have been used by different countries to control the spread of the COVID-19. Despite available evidence regarding the effectiveness of NPHSs, there is still no consensus about how policymakers can trust these results. Studies on the effectiveness of NPHSs are single studies conducted in specific communities. Therefore, they cannot individually prove if these interventions have been effective in reducing the spread of the infection and its adverse health outcomes. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine the effects of NPHIs on the COVID-19 case growth rate, death growth rate, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and reproduction number in countries, where NPHIs have been implemented. We searched relevant electronic databases, including Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, etc. from late December 2019 to February 1, 2021. The key terms were primarily drawn from Medical Subject Heading (MeSh and Emtree), literature review, and opinions of experts. Peer-reviewed quasi-experimental studies were included in the review. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42020186855. Interventions were NPHIs categorized as lockdown, stay-at-home orders, social distancing, and other interventions (mask-wearing, contact tracing, and school closure). We used PRISMA 2020 guidance for abstracting the data and used Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Practice (EPOC) Risk of Bias Tool for quality appraisal of the studies. Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random-effects model was performed. Main outcomes included COVID-19 case growth rate (percentage daily changes), COVID-19 mortality growth rate (percentage daily changes), COVID-19 ICU admission (percentage daily changes), and COVID-19 reproduction number changes. Our search strategies in major databases yielded 12,523 results, which decreased to 7,540 articles after eliminating duplicates. Finally, 35 articles qualified to be included in the systematic review among which 23 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Although studies were from both low-income and high-income countries, the majority of them were from the United States (13 studies) and China (five studies). Results of the meta-analysis showed that adoption of NPHIs has resulted in a 4.68% (95% CI, -6.94 to -2.78) decrease in daily case growth rates, 4.8% (95 CI, -8.34 to -1.40) decrease in daily death growth rates, 1.90 (95% CI, -2.23 to -1.58) decrease in the COVID-19 reproduction number, and 16.5% (95% CI, -19.68 to -13.32) decrease in COVID-19 daily ICU admission. A few studies showed that, early enforcement of lockdown, when the incidence rate is not high, contributed to a shorter duration of lockdown and a lower increase of the case growth rate in the post-lockdown era. The majority of NPHIs had positive effects on restraining the COVID-19 spread. With the problems that remain regarding universal access to vaccines and their effectiveness and considering the drastic impact of the nationwide lockdown and other harsh restrictions on the economy and people’s life, such interventions should be mitigated by adopting other NPHIs such as mass mask-wearing, patient/suspected case isolation strategies, and contact tracing. Studies need to address the impact of NPHIs on the population’s other health problems than COVID-19.

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“…The Micro Simulations have been employed to estimate the impact in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Botswana, Colombia, Croatia, Georgia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Lesotho, Moldova, Mozambique, Namibia, Panama, Peru, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Thailand, Ukraine, and the Western Balkans. Cuesta and Pico (2020) developed an ex-ante simulation exercise in Colombia using a static micro-simulation model to estimate the poverty level with and without COVID-19. The micro-data used for the exercise comes from a recently conducted random-sample income survey and focuses on partial equilibrium analysis by simulating changes in labor supply and holding other general equilibrium effects of the pandemic constant.…”

Section: Overview Of Methodologies To Assess the Impact Of Covid-19 In Other Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, Poverty, and Social Safety Net Response in Zambia

Paul¹,

Finn²,

Chaudhary³

et al. 2021

Policy Research Working Papers

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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The Gendered Poverty Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

How COVID-19 Pandemic Worsens the Economic Situation of Women in South Africa

How COVID-19 Pandemic Worsens the Economic Situation of Women in South Africa

Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical public health interventions against COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

COVID-19, Poverty, and Social Safety Net Response in Zambia

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