The Genecology of Lawn Weeds

Warwick, S. I.; Briggs, David

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb07616.x

Cited by 83 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It seems possible that erect plants could complete their life cycle in this period, and it is interesting that a few erect plants were collected from the lawns in December/January, several weeks after the cessation of regular mowing. While mowing is clearly an overriding factor in the treatment of lawns, it is only one of a number of interacting factors, including trampling, herbicide, fungicide, fertilizer and other treatments (Warwick, 1977;Warwick and Briggs, 1978). Especially important is competition between plants, which is considerable in the bowling green habitat.…”

Section: Natural Selection In the Lawns And Flower Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genecology of Lawn Weeds

Warwick

Briggs

1978

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYIn order to investigate the hypothesis that disruptive selection is acting on Poa annua L. populations within a mosaic environment of bowling greens and flower beds, two experimental approaches were employed.(1) Studies of samples of seedlings, raised from the seed present in soil and surface debris from the two bowling greens and one flower bed, established that in each site the seed population was more variable than the adult. This result is compatible with the notion of disruptive selection.(2) An experiment was set up to examine the response of the two growth forms to clipping and to estimate the effectiveness of clipping as a selective force in the bowling green environment. In the control (undipped treatment), the erect and prostrate variants differed both in total production and in their relative energy allocation to both vegetative and floral reproduction. These differences have been discussed in relation to r and K selection strategies.Differential response to clipping was observed; the groups in descending order of relative fitness consisted of prostrate individuals from the two bowling green populations > prostrate individuals from the flowerbed populations > erect individuals from fiower bed populations. Clipping appears to have two effects on the erect forms resulting in: (1) a greater percentage decrease in total dry matter production in the erect compared with the prostrate forms, and (2) a greater percentage of the dry weight produced being removed by the cut in the erect forms compared with the prostrate forms.Coefficients of selection acting against erect plants under a regime of clipping ranged from 0.53 to 0.68. A selection coefficient of 0.77 was obtained for prostrate plants in the absence of clipping. In the light of the management of the lawns and flower beds, evidence for selection and gene fiow is discussed.

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Section: Natural Selection In the Lawns And Flower Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genecology of Lawn Weeds

Warwick

Briggs

1978

New Phytologist

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“…Such initial plant-induced changes of soil properties can then influence the establishment and growth of subsequently establishing plants (Bever, 1994;Bever et al, 1997;Kardol et al, 2007). Interestingly, long-term land-use management may elicit evolutionary responses in soil biota, plants and their interaction, which has been well investigated for plants (Turesson, 1922;Warwick and Briggs, 1979;Silvertown et al, 2006). Moreover, additional factors, such as herbivores and habitat, can be influenced by land use as well (Gardiner and Hassall, 2009;Gossner et al, 2014;Simons et al, 2014) and may have evolutionary implications for PSFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Soil Feedbacks of Plantago lanceolata in the Field Depend on Plant Origin and Herbivory

et al. 2019

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Soil biota involved in plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) have an impact on the growth of plant individuals. So far, studies investigating the role of soil-biota mediated PSFs in plant performance were mostly performed in greenhouses and focused predominantly on species differences, whereas the contribution of PSFs to plant performance under field conditions and intraspecific variation in PSFs among plant populations remain poorly investigated. Here, we performed a PSF pot experiment under field conditions to study intraspecific variation in plant responses to soil biota. We used seeds from multiple seed families of Plantago lanceolata L. together with Plantago-conditioned soils from contrasting habitats (three non-fertilized pastures vs. three fertilized mown pastures) to test whether plants show a positive or negative response to their parental soil biota. We furthermore tested whether these PSFs depend on abiotic habitat factors and insect herbivory. To this end, we reciprocally transplanted plants and their soil biota between the two habitat types and excluded aboveground herbivores from half of the plants, respectively. When grown without herbivores, plants from both habitat types showed similar and neutral PSFs independently of the transplant site. In contrast, in the presence of herbivores, PSFs for plants from non-fertilized pastures were negative in both habitats (i.e., plants performed better when they grew with foreign soil biota), whereas PSFs for plants from fertilized mown-pastures remained neutral. Our results suggest that soil biota alone might only play a minor role for performance of P. lanceolata and that the outcome of soil-biota mediated PSFs is modulated by effects of herbivores in different habitats.

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“…Later, Warwick and Briggs, in their classic studies on the 47 "genecology of lawn weeds", found similar results for several grassland species, e.g. dwarf, 48 prostrate morphotypes originating from frequently mown lawns, and more erect ones in 49 neighbouring populations that lacked the frequent mowing (Warwick & Briggs 1978, 1979. 50…”

Section: Introduction 39mentioning

confidence: 87%

Intraspecific variation in land use-related functional traits inPlantago lanceolata

Gáspár

Bossdorf

Parepa

2020

Preprint

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15Background and aims Intraspecific variation in functional traits is essential for the 16 evolutionary success of organisms. The co-variation between trait variation and 17 environment, as well as between different traits, can help us to understand which 18 ecological factors drive habitat adaptation, and to what extent adaptation may be 19 constrained by trait correlations and trade-offs. In managed grasslands, plants experience 20 a combination of competition, recurrent biomass removal and nutrient pulses. Each of 21 these ecological challenges requires specific plant tolerances, and populations should 22 locally adapt if intraspecific variation exists in these traits. 23Methods We studied variation in land use-related traits in the common grassland plant 24Plantago lanceolata. In a common environment, we quantified the competitive ability 25 (R*), clipping tolerance and responses to a nitrogen pulse of plants from 54 populations 26 with different land use intensities across Germany. 27 Key resultsWe found significant population differentiation in competitive ability but 28 there was little evidence that trait variation was related to land use intensity. There was a 29 positive relationship between competitive ability and clipping tolerance at the population 30 level, indicating a genetic, and possibly functional, link between these two traits. In 31 contrast, clipping tolerance and nitrogen responses were negatively correlated at the 32 levels of plant individuals, indicating a physiological trade-off between plant responses to 33 these two land-use processes. 34Conclusions Our results show that there is substantial intraspecific variation in some of 35 the key functional traits for plant success in managed grasslands, and that rapid evolution 36 and adaptation is therefore possible in these traits. 37 38

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The Genecology of Lawn Weeds

Cited by 83 publications

References 45 publications

The Genecology of Lawn Weeds

The Genecology of Lawn Weeds

Plant-Soil Feedbacks of Plantago lanceolata in the Field Depend on Plant Origin and Herbivory

Intraspecific variation in land use-related functional traits inPlantago lanceolata

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