The Generalized Pattern of Neuropsychological Deficits in Outpatients With Chronic Schizophrenia With Heterogeneous Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Results

Braff, David L.; Heaton, Robert K.; Kuck, Julie; Cullum, C. Munro; Moranville, John T.; Grant, Igor; Zisook, Sidney

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810340023003

Cited by 375 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

149

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…According to this model, patients with schizophrenia are assumed to have difficulties particularly with the smooth planning and execution of both cognitive and motor actions. Considering not only the results of the present studies, but also those of previous ones (e.g., Braff et al, 1991;Bilder et al, 2000), it seems legitimate to state that 'psychomotor function' deserves a separate position in the list of neuropsychological impairments associated with schizophrenia (see Figure 1 on page 15 in the general introduction). Stated differently, psychomotor slowing cannot be seen as solely resulting from problems in one or more of the other neuropsychological domains (like executive function, attention or memory), but it forms an entity in itself.…”

Section: Final Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Despite the potential importance of executive dysfunctions for the clinical picture of schizophrenia and related problems in social and occupational functioning , numerous studies have shown that schizophrenia is not only associated with limited executive skills, but also with impairments in more basic psychomotor measures (Braff et al, 1991;Goldstein, Beers & Shemansky, 1996;Bilder et al, 2000). Bilder et al (2000), for example, found that motor deficits (assessed by means of tests for tapping, dexterity and visualspatial ability) were clearly impaired in a group of nearly 100 patients with schizophrenia and that these remained present even after controlling for other cognitive functions, such as executive function and memory.…”

Section: Executive Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychomotor slowing and planning deficits in schizophrenia

Jogems-Kosterman

Zitman

Hoof

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Final Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Executive Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor slowing and planning deficits in schizophrenia

Jogems-Kosterman

Zitman

Hoof

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…26 Several kinds of cognitive defects are particularly prominent in persons with the illness: working memory defects, attentional dysfunction, verbal and visual learning and memory, processing speed, and social learning. [27][28][29][30][31][32] No cognitive domains are entirely spared, and deficits in performance are highly intercorrelated within persons. 33 However, schizophrenic subjects in many of the studies show a pattern of deficits, ruling out a complete lack of motivation as a factor in performance.…”

Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotype of schizophrenia: a review and formulation

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discovery of the pathophysiology(ies) for schizophrenia is necessary to direct rational treatment directions for this brain disorder. Firm knowledge about this illness is limited to areas of phenomenology, clinical electrophysiology, and genetic risk; some aspects of dopamine pharmacology, cognitive symptoms, and risk genes are known. Basic questions remain about diagnostic heterogeneity, tissue neurochemistry, and in vivo brain function. It is an illness ripe for molecular characterization using a rational approach with a confirmatory strategy; drug discovery based on knowledge is the only way to advance fully effective treatments. This paper reviews the status of general knowledge in this area and proposes an approach to discovery, including identifying brain regions of dysfunction and subsequent localized, hypothesis-driven molecular screening.

show abstract

“…Schizophrenia patients suffer from enduring and persistent psychotic symptoms including a chronic deficiency in their cognitive abilities (Braff et al, 1991;Steinpreis, 1996). Indeed, cognitive (and concomitant social) dysfunction is a core component of schizophrenia, present even before the onset of psychosis and has a significant bearing on patient recovery, function in society and on all aspects of everyday life (Addington et al 2001;Green, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Focus on NMDA receptor antagonism

Neill

Barnes

Cook

et al. 2010

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

478

322

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain an unmet clinical need. Improved understanding of the neuro-and psychopathology of these deficits depends on the availability of carefully validated animal models which will assist the development of novel therapies. There is much evidence that at least some of the pathology and symptomatology (particularly cognitive and negative symptoms) of schizophrenia results from a dysfunction of the glutamatergic system which may be modelled in animals through the use of NMDA receptor antagonists. The current review examines the validity of this model in rodents. We review the ability of acute and sub-chronic treatment with three non-competitive NMDA antagonists; phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine and MK801 (dizocilpine) to produce cognitive disturbances of relevance to schizophrenia in rodents and their subsequent reversal by first-and second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on the performance of rodents in behavioural tests assessing the various domains of cognition and negative symptoms are examined: novel object recognition for visual memory, reversal learning and attentional set shifting for problem solving and reasoning, 5-choice serial reaction time for attention and speed of processing; in addition to effects on social behaviour and neuropathology. The evidence strongly supports the use of NMDA receptor antagonists to model cognitive deficit and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as certain pathological disturbances seen in the illness. This will facilitate the evaluation of much-needed novel therapies for improved therapy of cognitive deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

show abstract

The Generalized Pattern of Neuropsychological Deficits in Outpatients With Chronic Schizophrenia With Heterogeneous Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Results

Cited by 375 publications

References 32 publications

Psychomotor slowing and planning deficits in schizophrenia

Psychomotor slowing and planning deficits in schizophrenia

Phenotype of schizophrenia: a review and formulation

Animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Focus on NMDA receptor antagonism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About