The generation of norisoprenoid volatiles in starfruit(Averrhoa carambolaL.): A review∗

Abstract

This paper summarizes our studies on the formation of C 13 -norisoprenoid aroma substances in starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.). The finding that the majority of norisoprenoid volatiles in starfruit are derived from glycosidically bound progenitors stimulated more intense studies into the glycosidic fraction of the fruit. In this paper the isolation and structural elucidation of several novel C 13 -and C 15 -norisoprenoid structures in starfruit is reported and the degradative pathways giving rise to the formation of potent starfruit aroma compounds are discussed. In the last part, attention is focused on possible pathways of carotenoid breakdown in starfruit, thus rationalizing the co-occurrence of C 13 -and C 15 -norisoprenoids with volatiles apparently derived from the central portion of the carotenoid chain.

Volatile constituents of exotic fruits from Brazil

“…Some years after, Winterhalter and Schreier (1995) launched a review about the generation of norisoprenoid volatiles in starfruit. The authors commented the isolation and structural elucidation of several novel C13 and C15-norisoprenoid compounds from starfruit as well as its possible degradative pathways.…”

“…Wilson et al (1985); 2) MacLeod andAmes (1990); 3) Reviewed byWinterhalter and Schreier (1995); 4)Fleischmann et al (2003).…”

Tissue-Specific Apocarotenoid Glycosylation Contributes to Carotenoid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Leaves

“…We also did not detect these volatiles by gas chromatography (GC)-MS analysis on headspace sampling or by the use of various extraction protocols. We, therefore, resorted to analyzing AGs, which are known from a variety of plants, especially grapevine (Vitis vinifera), where they contribute to the aroma (Winterhalter and Schreier, 1995).…”

Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes & Proteins In Grapevine

“…Benzyl alcohol 4-Methyl-1-phenylethanol 2-Phenylethanol Methyl benzyl methanol (isomer 2) Methyl benzyl methanol (isomer 3) Dimethyl-benzyl alcohol (isomer 1) Dimethyl-benzyl alcohol (isomer 2) Zingerone Sum of shikimic derivatives Norisoprenoids 3,4-Dihydro-3-oxoactinidol 3-Hydroxy-β-ionone Megastigmane-3,9-diol 4,5-Dihydrovomifoliol (isomer 1) 4,5-Dihydrovomifoliol (isomer 2) 3,6-Dihydroxy-megastig-7-ene-9-one Domifoliol 7,8-Dihydrovomifoliol Sum of norisoprenoids 3-Oxo-7,8-dihydro -β-ionol 3-Oxo-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone These two compounds show structural similarities with ABA. Indeed, vomifoliol, which can be generated from an oxidative enzymatic cleavage of ABA (Winterhalter and Schreier 1995), is considered as an analogue of ABA and used in experiments for its similar effects on stomatal aperture (Stuart and Coke 1975, Artsaenko et al 1995, Fuchs et al 1999.…”