The Generation Process, Impurity Removal and High-Value Utilization of Phosphogypsum Material

Abstract

As phosphogypsum constitutes a large amount of solid waste material, its purification treatment and comprehensive utilization have close connection with economic development and ecological environmental protection. For the moment, the storage quantity of phosphogypsum is still rising as a result of the increasing phosphate fertilizer production to meet the food demand in China. This paper summarizes the generation process, impurity removal treatment (physical method, chemical method, heat method), high-value utilization (nanometer calcium sulfate whisker, nanometer calcium carbonate) of phosphogypsum material and some existing problems. It puts forward some views on the challenges in this field and the direction of future development. It is hoped that the investigation and summary in this paper could supply some significant information for the impurity removal and high-value utilization of phosphogypsum material as a contribution to sustainability.

Application of the Industrial Byproduct Gypsum in Building Materials: A Review

“…The performance of cement prepared by mixing DG and natural gypsum was better than that of cement prepared with pure natural gypsum. PG has the ability to replace natural gypsum as a cement retarder [60]. In the process of cement hydration, the dissolved SO4 2− of PG reacts with hydrated calcium aluminates to generate polysulfide-like ettringites, which are adsorbed on the surface of PC clinker particles, which can slow the process of cement hydration and thus achieve retardation.…”

“…The road base material is a layered structure made of a single material on the surface of the roadbed bedding layer in accordance with certain technical measures. The base layer is located directly under the asphalt surface layer with high and medium good ma- PG has the ability to replace natural gypsum as a cement retarder [60]. In the process of cement hydration, the dissolved SO 4 2− of PG reacts with hydrated calcium aluminates to generate polysulfide-like ettringites, which are adsorbed on the surface of PC clinker particles, which can slow the process of cement hydration and thus achieve retardation.…”

Review of the State of Impurity Occurrences and Impurity Removal Technology in Phosphogypsum

“…Therefore, reducing the content of impurity elements in phosphogypsum, increasing the main content of calcium sulfate, and improving the harmless comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum resources are of great significance to the sustainable and healthy development of the phosphorus chemical industry. In recent years, research on the occurrence state of various impurity elements in phosphogypsum and impurity removal technologies has become one of the most popular research topics among scientists and technological workers [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. According to the contents of various elements in typical phosphogypsum in China, the scope of this review focuses on major impurity components (wt% > 1%, including silicon and phosphorus) and trace impurity components (wt% 0.01–1%, including iron, aluminum, and carbon) in phosphogypsum, excluding other minor trace and elemental impurity components (wt% < 0.01%, such as heavy metals, rare earth elements, and radioactive elements).…”

Preparation of calcium sulfide by sludge‐assisted rice husk reduction of phosphogypsum

“…CaSO 4 ·nH 2 O (n = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2) is the primary constituent of PG. Additionally, it contains a variety of impurities like Si, Fe, Mg, Al, P, and F, as well as organic debris and trace metals like Cr and Pb 2 . Due to the high number of impurities and a certain degree of radiation, the large‐scale application of PG is severely limited.…”