They have shown that since the 1778 Treaty of Amity and Commerce that sealed the alliance between the American insurgents and the monarchy of Louis XVI, periods of collaboration and alignment have alternated with times of tension and division. High moments include the 1781 Siege of Yorktown, Colonel Stanton's "Lafayette, we are here" speech as the first American Expeditionary Force arrived in France in 1917, the D-Day landings in Normandy in 1944, and more recently, the close cooperation between the two countries' intelligence agencies in their efforts to counter terrorism. Times of conflict comprise president Andrew Jackson's and king Louis Philippe's disagreement over spoliation claims dating back to the Napoleonic wars, the aftermath of the 1956 Suez crisis, General De Gaulle's 1966 decision to withdraw France from NATO's integrated military command, and France's refusal to allow U.S. aircraft to fly over its territory during the American raid against Muammar Qaddafi's Libya in 1986. 2 Among the discords between the two countries, two diplomatic crises especially stand out. The first one induced the 1790s Quasi-War. The French directorate perceived the Cannibals, Monsters and Weasels: Creating a French Enemy in the United States..