The genesis of the entrepreneurship theory at the classical and non-classical stages of science development

Abstract

The study of entrepreneurship remains a difficult scientific problem. The use of historical approach is one way of resolving this issue. Developing entrepreneurship is one of the subjects to be studied by the emerging science, where classical, non-classical and postnonclassical stages of the development are distinguished. The concept of entrepreneurship is complemented by and expanded at each of these stages. Nevertheless, researchers only approach the definition of entrepreneurship. Consensus on this issue is missing. Different researchers indicate different characteristics of entrepreneurship. Identification of the main characteristics of entrepreneurship and the approach to understanding its essence through the use of historical approach is the purpose of the present article. The author suggests that the concept of entrepreneurship is broadened and fundamental principles of entrepreneurship are complemented at different stages of the development of a market economy. Researchers detect various changes in the entrepreneurship and describe them in the historical framework of classical and non-classical stages of the genesis of science. Entrepreneurship is getting entrepreneurial income by active economic entities in the course of their risky activities, search for and use of possibilities, establishment of new production, implementation of innovations and participation in the so called «creative destruction». The creation of new capital (commercial, industrial or agricultural), the use of special personal qualities of entrepreneurs and their specific behaviour is the fundamental basis of entrepreneurship. The diversity of manifestations of entrepreneurship and the extend of its fundamental pillars will enable to successfully predict and adjust his development, including in the countries with a transitive economy.

Genesis of Scientific Views at the Formation and Development of Trade Entrepreneurship

“…Source: formed by the author on the basis of [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The scientists who criticized the classical model have created the neoclassical school. Representatives of this school pointed out that economic phenomena belongs to a cases of pure exchange, which reflect the optimal ratio of two goods, that had led to the transformation in the economic system, which in most countries was closed.…”

“…These are the two most important features of entrepreneurship" [1]. Such prominent scientists as A. Smith, D. Ricardo, J. Schumpeter [10], V. Petrenko [11], Y. Nikolenko, N. Tanklevska [12], V. Smirnov [13], L. Borovik [14], L. Boiko, Y. Kirilov, V. Krykunova, G. Josan [16], M. Baldzhi [17], N. Savitska [18], I. Goi [19] and others. Despite the major achievements of scientists about the essence and properties of entrepreneurship, this issue remains relevant and requires constant systematization and improvement of knowledge about it, since the content of the term "entrepreneurship" is constantly changing under the influence of globalization processes in the economy.…”

“…For example, in the sociological literature you can find such definition as: "entrepreneurship is a phenomenon that happening in this social reality" [4]. Therefore sociologists are studying "cultural conditions which are connected with the development of entrepreneurship, thus affect the change of views and development of human groups and society in general" [13]. Influenced by researching of sociologists, a new type of entrepreneurship appeared -social entrepreneurship, the purpose of which is to improve the living standards and living conditions of certain social groups and their further development.…”

Entrepreneurship and Creative Economy: Mental Models of Cultural Entrepreneurs in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

“…An element that displays disparity to the others is the symbolism of struggle and survival, as it relates to the diiculty of survival in a competitive environment. In this sense, the capacity and the behavior of the entrepreneur are fundamental bases for the continuity of the company [39].…”

“…The surveyed cultural entrepreneurs had an inclination to identify market opportunities as [26,39]. Two of the respondents reported having identiied themselves to a market opportunity when opening their businesses, both aimed to fulill unexplored markets in the city.…”