The genetic effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on callus induced from mature embryos of beans Phaseolus vulgaris

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG)on the chromosomes of callus induced from mature bean embryos, Harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with 0.2 or o.4 mM of the mutagen that mixed with different percentages of ethanol for 24 hrs. Calli were induced on MS medium in the presence of 0.5 mg/L of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/L Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/L from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Samples were pretreated with 1, 2- benzene dichloride, Para –dichlorobenzene, or Colchicine. Two different staining methods were used to stain the chromosomes from root tips and calli.The results showed that Para –dichlorobenzene is the best pretreatment for both root tips and callicells. However, the stain acetoorcein was the best for the root tips while Feulgen stain was the best for calli cells. Chromosome count showed that there were 22 chromosomes in all the cells of bean root tips (control). While a wide range of chromosome numbers were obtained from calli cells with or without mutagen treatment. Ninety six percent of the non treatedcalli gave the normal number of chromosomes while only 60% of calli treated with (0.4 mM+4% ethanol) gave the normal number of chromosomes. Calli cells from all the treatments showed chromosome multiplication except in the presence of ethanol.

Improving Salt Tolerance in Tomato <em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em> Mill. by <em>in Vitro</em> Mutation Technique

“…Therefore from this result it has been recommended to use the last treatment for callus induction. The results of the current study are in agreement with what was reported by other researchers that the cultivars have different callus induction response in the presence of different hormone combinations (El-Kaaby et al, 2012;Shlahi, 2003).…”

“…Moreover tissue culture provides uniform environment for the selection under any stress. Combination of chemical mutation and in vitro selection has been used successfully by many researchers to select plants with desirable characteristics (Al-Hattab et al, 2002;Aslid et al, 2006;Shlahy and Al-Hattab, 2009a;Shlahy and Al-Hattab, 2009b). Therefore the current experiment was conducted to select tomato plants with good salt tolerance ability using in vitro chemical mutation and selection method.…”