The Genetics of Papilio Dardanus, Brown. I. Race Cenea From South Africa

Clarke, C. A.; Sheppard, P. M.

doi:10.1093/genetics/44.6.1347

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…) which is in agreement with breeding experiments (electronic supplementary material, figure S6). The South African f. cenea specimen was homozygous for the inversion; while homozygosity for the cenea allele has not been confirmed by breeding, it is likely because this morph is very common in this part of the species range [14].…”

Section: (B) Genomics Of Mimicry Morphsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In P. dardanus, wing colours and patterns are controlled by a single Mendelian locus, H, whose various alleles segregate according to a well-defined hierarchy of dominance [4,10,14,15]. Phylogenetic analysis of subspecies and closely related species has led to the conclusion that mimicry has arisen fairly recently in P. dardanus and that the female mimetic forms are likely to have evolved from a 'male-like', presumed ancestral phenotype that is still found on Madagascar where the species is monomorphic and non-mimetic (figure 1) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engrailed – invected

Timmermans

Srivathsan

Collins³

et al. 2020

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Polymorphic Batesian mimics exhibit multiple protective morphs that each mimic a different noxious model. Here, we study the genomic transitions leading to the evolution of different mimetic wing patterns in the polymorphic Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus. We generated a draft genome (231 Mb over 30 chromosomes) and re-sequenced individuals of three morphs. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed elevated linkage disequilibrium and divergence between morphs in the regulatory region of engrailed, a developmental gene previously implicated in the mimicry switch . The diverged region exhibits a discrete chromosomal inversion (of 40 kb) relative to the ancestral orientation that is associated with the cenea morph, but not with the bottom-recessive hippocoonides morph or with non-mimetic allopatric populations. The functional role of this inversion in the expression of the novel phenotype is currently unknown, but by preventing recombination, it allows the stable inheritance of divergent alleles enabling geographic spread and local coexistence of multiple adaptive morphs.

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Section: (B) Genomics Of Mimicry Morphsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engrailed – invected

Timmermans

Srivathsan

Collins³

et al. 2020

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Mimicry is limited to the females, which differ greatly from the non-mimetic males at most African mainland localities (figure 1) [6]. Laboratory crosses showed that most of the phenotypic variation is determined by a single Mendelian locus, termed H, whose various alleles exhibit a dominance hierarchy such that most of them are inherited without producing intermediate phenotypes [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of the mimicry switch inPapilio dardanus

et al. 2014

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The African Mocker Swallowtail, Papilio dardanus, is a textbook example in evolutionary genetics. Classical breeding experiments have shown that wing pattern variation in this polymorphic Batesian mimic is determined by the polyallelic H locus that controls a set of distinct mimetic phenotypes. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing, recombination analyses and comparative genomics, we show that H co-segregates with an interval of less than 500 kb that is collinear with two other Lepidoptera genomes and contains 24 genes, including the transcription factor genes engrailed (en) and invected (inv). H is located in a region of conserved gene order, which argues against any role for genomic translocations in the evolution of a hypothesized multi-gene mimicry locus. Natural populations of P. dardanus show significant associations of specific morphs with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), centred on en. In addition, SNP variation in the H region reveals evidence of non-neutral molecular evolution in the en gene alone. We find evidence for a duplication potentially driving physical constraints on recombination in the lamborni morph. Absence of perfect linkage disequilibrium between different genes in the other morphs suggests that H is limited to nucleotide positions in the regulatory and coding regions of en. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that a single gene underlies wing pattern variation in P. dardanus.

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“…The seminal breeding work of Clarke & Sheppard (1959, 1960a,b, 1962 showed that the colour variation is largely determined by an autosomal locus, termed H, that exhibits at least 10 distinct alleles. Pedigree crosses showed that each female colour form corresponds to a distinct allele of H (including H c -the dominant ceneadefining allele, and H h or h-the universally recessive hippocoon-defining allele; figure 1b), which segregates as a single, multi-allelic locus with strict dominance hierarchies among the alleles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour pattern specification in the Mocker swallowtail Papilio dardanus : the transcription factor invected is a candidate for the mimicry locus H

Clark

Brown

Collins³

et al. 2008

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The swallowtail butterfly, Papilio dardanus , is an iconic example of a polymorphic Batesian mimic. The expression of various female-limited colour forms is thought to be controlled by a single autosomal locus, termed H , whose function in determining the wing pattern remains elusive. As a step towards the physical mapping of H , we established a set of 272 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers ( Eco RI- Mse I). Segregation patterns in a ‘female-informative’ brood (exploiting the absence of crossing over in female Lepidoptera) mapped these AFLPs to 30 linkage groups (putative chromosomes). The difference between the hippocoon and cenea female forms segregating in this family resides on a single one of these linkage groups, defined by 14 AFLPs. In a ‘male-informative’ cross (markers segregating within a linkage group), a pair of AFLPs co-segregated closely with the two female forms, except in four recombinants out of 19 female offspring. Linkage with these AFLP markers using four further female-informative families demonstrated that the genetic factor determining other morphs ( poultoni , lamborni and trimeni ) also maps to this same linkage group. The candidate gene invected , obtained in a screen for co-segregation of developmental genes with the colour forms, resides in a 13.9 cM interval flanked by the two AFLP markers. In the male-informative family invected co-segregated perfectly with the hippocoon / cenea factor, despite the four crossovers with the AFLPs. These findings make invected , and possibly its closely linked paralogue engrailed , strong candidates for H . This is supported by their known role in eyespot specification in nymphalid butterfly wings.

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The Genetics of Papilio Dardanus, Brown. I. Race Cenea From South Africa

Cited by 39 publications

References 1 publication

Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engrailed – invected

Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engrailed – invected

Comparative genomics of the mimicry switch inPapilio dardanus

Colour pattern specification in the Mocker swallowtail Papilio dardanus : the transcription factor invected is a candidate for the mimicry locus H

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