THE GENOME CONSTITUTIONS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN PHLOX AMPHIPLOIDS

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1971

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The flavonoids of two diploid species of Phlox and two of their allotetraploid derivatives were characterized. The tetraploids accumulate five flavonoids not observed in the parental species. Generally, novel compounds are less highly glycosidated than, but otherwise similar to, parental compounds that they partially or totally replace. We propose that hybridity and polyploidy have repressed or suppressed the activity of certain ancestral genes responsible for the production of glycosidating enzymes. Accordingly, the novel compounds are merely the accumulated or modified precursors of parental compounds.

Section: And Vii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin of Novel Flavonoids in Phlox Allotetraploids

Levy

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1971

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Reticulate Evolution in Phlox as Seen Through Protein Electrophoresis

Schaal

1970

American J of Botany

Seed protein profiles were used to document the genome constitutions of seven Phlox taxa believed to be stabilized derivatives of hybridization between P. pilosa and P. carolina, P. drummondii or P. amoena. These species have very distinctive seed protein profiles. Analyses of profiles from these and other phloxes not involved in the reticulum (P. maculata, P. glaberrima and their hybrid derivative P. maculata subsp. pyramidalis) demonstrated that profile components are inherited as co‐dominant units, alteration of ploidal level does not alter the profile, profile components may undergo segregation and recombination, and profile components in hybrids do not re‐combine in vivo or in vitro to produce new proteins. The putative derivatives of hybridization between P. pilosa and P. carolin, i.e., P. pilosa subsp. detonsa, P. pilosa subsp. sangamonensis, P. floridana and P. pulcherrima, display protein profiles which are nearly summations of the parental patterns as do the putative derivatives of P. pilosa and P. drummondii. i.e., P. villosissima and P. aspera. The putative derivative of P. pilosa and P. amoena, i.e., P. pilosa subsp. deamii, displays a completely additive profile. Genome constitutions judged from morphological, cytological, and chromatographical data are fully corroborated by the protein profiles.

Novel Flavonoids and Reticulate Evolution in the Phlox Pilosa–p. Drummondii Complex

Levy

1974

American J of Botany

The nonanthocyanin flavonoids of the diploids Phlox pilosa ssp. pilosa and P. drummondii ssp. mcallisteri and their putative allotetraploid derivatives P. aspera and P. villosissima were characterized by chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses. Synthetic F1 diploid hybrids were also examined. All but one of the compounds encountered were glycoflavone (C‐glycosyl) derivatives of either apigenin or luteolin. Although some compounds were present in all four taxa, most were species‐specific. Together, the diploids exhibited 15 different flavonoids. Half of each tetraploid ensemble was composed of novel flavonoids, compounds not manifest in either diploid ancestor. In total, the tetraploids produced seven different novel flavonoids. Five novel compounds differed from particular diploid compounds only in number or kind of oxygen‐linked sugar substituents. Ostensibly, these five are either identical to diploid biosynthetic intermediates or share common precursors with related diploid end products. The mode of origin of all novel compounds is discussed.