The Genome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Provides Insight into the Evolution of Genomes and Effectors of Fusarium oxysporum Species

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the causal agent of cowpea fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cowpea production in China. In this study, a sample of cowpea fusarium wilt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli using the methods of morphological characters and molecular detection. We further reported the first genome assembly for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, with 53.7 Mb genome sequence comprising 14,694 genes. Comparative genomic analysis among five Fusarium oxysporum genomes showed that four accessory chromosomes in the five Fusarium oxysporum display similar characteristics, with low sequence similarity (55.35%, vs. overall average of 81.76%), low gene density (2.18 genes/10 kb vs. 3.02 genes/Mb) and highly transposable element density (TEs) (15.01/100 kb vs. 4.89/100 kb), indicating that variable accessory chromosomes are the main source of Fusarium oxysporum evolution. We identified a total of 100 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli-specific effectors in the genome and found 13 specific effector genes located in large insertion or deletion regions, suggesting that insertion or deletion events can cause the emergence of species-specific effectors in Fusarium oxysporum. Our genome assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli provides a valuable resource for the study of cowpea fusarium wilt, and the comparative genomic study of Fusarium oxysporum could contribute to the knowledge of genome and effector-associated pathogenicity evolution in Fusarium oxysporum study.

Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a New Nanoscale Resistance Inducer for Fusarium Wilt Control: Size Effects and Mechanism of Action

“…phaseoli (FOP) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum [3], which leads to annual yield losses of 30-100% around the world [4]. FOP was isolated as the preponderant species from diseased cowpea plants in China [4].…”

“…tracheiphilum [3], which leads to annual yield losses of 30-100% around the world [4]. FOP was isolated as the preponderant species from diseased cowpea plants in China [4]. Chemical approaches and cultural practices have long been used to minimize the soil-borne disease outbreak.…”

Fusarium wilt of banana in Cuba : Pathogen diversity and implications of a wider host range

“…One for F. purpurascens (Race 1) and two for F. tardichlamydosporum (Race 2), and compared them with reference genome assemblies of F. odoratissimum (TR4) and F. phialophorum (Race 1) to gain insights into their genomic structure and the diversity of accessory regions. Similar to other members of the FOSC (Ma et al, 2010;Vlaardingerbroek et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2019;Pontarotti et al, 2023), the genomes of F. purpurascens (Race 1) and F. tardichlamydosporum (Race 2) are organized into 11 core chromosomes and accessory regions. However, these accessory regions are larger than those described for F. odoratissimum and F. phialophorum , comprising two or even three whole chromosomes.…”

“…Nearly all formae speciales show a polyphyletic structure (O'Donnell et al, 1998;Fourie et al, 2009;Biju et al, 2017;van Dam et al, 2018;Batson et al, 2021;Sabahi et al, 2021;Mostert et al, 2022;Pontarotti et al, 2023). Strains with pathogenicity to bananas are grouped under f. sp.…”