The Genus Diphasiastrum and Its Lycopodium Alkaloids

Halldorsdottir, Elsa Steinunn; Kowal, Natalia Magdalena; Ólafsdóttir, Elín Soffia

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1546182

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…For example, the apical shoots of H. asiatica had the highest huperzine concentrations (360.27 μg/ml for HupA and 15.00 μg/ml for HupB, respectively), while the normal leaves exhibited the lowest huperzine concentrations (135.90 μg/ml for HupA and 2.00 μg/ml for HupB, respectively). In addition, we found that huperzines were not detected in any tissue of another lycophyte from the Lycopodiaceae, D. complanatum, which is consistent with previous reports [16]. These results suggested that H. asiatica and D. complanatum provided a contrast system to study mycobiome related to HupA biosynthesis.…”

Section: Huperzines In Tissues Of Huperzia Asiaticasupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The Huperzioideae subfamily, belonging to the Lycopodiaceae family, is the only known natural source of HupA, whereas its sister lineages, Lycopodioideae and Lycopodielloideae (Supplementary Fig. S1), do not produce HupA [15, 16]. Extracting HupA from Huperzioideae species faces several challenges, including limited abundance, long growth cycle, low HupA content, and difficulties in cultivation [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting Phyllosphere Mycobiome in two Lycopodiaceae Plant Species: Unraveling Potential HupA-Producing Fungi and Fungal Interactions

Lin,

Li,

Chang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Huperzine A (HupA) is a natural lycopodium alkaloid renowned for its efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It specifically occurs in the Huperzioideae subfamily of Lycopodiaceae. Fungi associated with Huperzioideae species are potential contributors to HupA biosynthesis, offering promising prospects for HupA production. However, limited knowledge of fungal diversity in lycophytes, coupled with decreased HupA production over time of fungal strains, has impeded the discovery and applications of HupA-producing fungi. Here, we investigated huperzine concentrations and the mycobiome across various tissues of two Lycopodiaceae species, Huperzia asiatica (a HupA producer) and Diphasiastrum complanatum (a non-HupA producer). Our objectives across the tissues of the two species are to unveil the distribution of potential HupA-producing fungi and elucidate fungal interactions within the mycobiome, aiming to uncover the role of HupA-producing fungi and pinpoint their potential fungal facilitators. Results: Among the tissues, H. asiatica exhibited the highest HupA concentration in apical shoots (360.27 μg/ml) whereas D. complanatum showed no HupA presence in any tissue. We obtained 441 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) from H. asiatica and 497 ASVs from D. complanatum. The fungal communities in bulbils and apical shoots of H. asiatica were low in diversity and dominated by Sordariomycetes, a fungal class harboring the majority of reported HupA-producing fungi. Integrating bioinformatics with published experimental reports, we identified 27 potential HupA-producing fungal ASVs, primarily in H. asiatica, with 12 ASVs identified as hubs in the fungal interaction network, underscoring their pivotal roles in mycobiome stability. Members of certain fungal genera, such as Penicillium, Trichoderma, Dioszegia, Exobasidium, Lycoperdon and Cladosporium exhibited strong connections with the potential HupA producers in H. asiatica's network rather than in D. complanatum's, implying their prospects as fungal facilitators in enhancing HupA production. Conclusions: This study advances our knowledge of fungal diversity in Lycopodiaceae and provides insights into the search for potential HupA-producing fungi and fungal facilitators. It highlights the importance of exploring young tissues, and emphasizes the ecological interactions that promote the fungi-mediated production of complex bioactive compounds, offering new directions for research in fungal ecology and secondary metabolite production.

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Section: Huperzines In Tissues Of Huperzia Asiaticasupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Phyllosphere Mycobiome in two Lycopodiaceae Plant Species: Unraveling Potential HupA-Producing Fungi and Fungal Interactions

Lin,

Li,

Chang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The genus Diphasiastrum includes more than 23 species, 11 of which have been reported to produce lycopodium alkaloids; the distribution of these alkaloids across this genus was recently reviewed by Halldorsdottir et al (2015). Most lycopodium alkaloids identified in the Diphasiastrum to date belong to the lycopodine, lycodine, or fawcettimine families.…”

Section: Diphasiastrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals from fern species: potential for medicine applications

et al. 2017

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Ferns are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Historically they have been used in many ways by humans, including as ornamental plants, domestic utensils, foods, and in handicrafts. In addition, they have found uses as medicinal herbs. Ferns produce a wide array of secondary metabolites endowed with different bioactivities that could potentially be useful in the treatment of many diseases. However, there is currently relatively little information in the literature on the phytochemicals present in ferns and their pharmacological applications, and the most recent review of the literature on the occurrence, chemotaxonomy and physiological activity of fern secondary metabolites was published over 20 years ago, by Soeder (Bot Rev 51:442–536, 1985). Here, we provide an updated review of this field, covering recent findings concerning the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacology of fern species

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“…Alkaloid profiling of ten major LAs using thin layer chromatography has been carried out in Chinese taxa, and each genus tends to have a genus-specific alkaloid pattern (Ma et al, 1998). A recent review on the LAs present in the genus Diphasiastrum shows that this genus is abundant of lycopodane-type alkaloids but lack hupA (Halldorsdottir et al, 2015). However, the utility of LA data in resolving lower taxonomic units (species and subspecies) has not been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%