The genus Pinus: a comparative study on the needle essential oil composition of 46 pine species

Pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, a serious threat to global forest populations of conifers, especially Pinus spp. A time-course study of the essential oils (EOs) of 2-year-old Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Pinus sylvestris following inoculation with the PWN was performed. The constitutive and nematode inoculation induced EOs components were analyzed at both the wounding or inoculation areas and at the whole plant level. The enantiomeric ratio of optically active main EOs components was also evaluated. External symptoms of infection were observed only in P. pinaster and P. sylvestris 21 and 15 days after inoculation, respectively. The EO composition analysis of uninoculated and unwounded plants revealed the occurrence of chemotypes for P. pinaster, P. halepensis and P. sylvestris, whereas P. pinea showed a homogenous EO composition. When whole plants were evaluated for EO and monoterpene hydrocarbon enantiomeric chemical composition, no relevant qualitative and quantitative differences were found. Instead, EO analysis of inoculated and uninoculated wounded areas revealed an increase of sesquiterpenes and diterpenic compounds, especially in P. pinea and P. halepensis, comparatively to healthy whole plants EOs.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils Chemotypes and Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Enantiomers, before and after Inoculation with the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Rodrigues

Mendes

Lima

et al. 2016

“…Results of our investigation were in agreement with literature data. Most of previously reported needle oils, e. g. from P. mugo growing in Dinaric Alps, England and Japan were characterized by the presence of two main constituents α ‐pinene and 3‐carene . Some of the oils showed a slight predominance of α ‐pinene (13–21 %) over 3‐carene (9–19 %), the others had a predominance of 3‐carene (12–27 %) over α ‐pinene (7–24 %) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several papers described P. mugo essential oil, its chemical composition and biological activities: antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, cytotoxic, and insect larvicidal . Most of them concerned the oils from P. mugo growing wild in the mountains of Southern Europe, i. e. Austrian Alps, Julian Alps, Dinaric Alps and Apennines .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from Different Botanical Organs of Pinus mugo Growing in Poland

Lis

Lukas

Mellor

2019

The essential oils from needles, twigs, bark, wood, cones and young shoots of Pinus mugo were analyzed by GC, GC/MS, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. More than 130 compounds were identified. The oils differed in the quantitative composition. The principal components of the oil from twigs with needles were 3‐carene (23.8 %), myrcene (22.3 %), and α‐pinene (10.3 %). The needle oil contained mainly α‐pinene (18.6 %), 3‐carene (11.3 %), and bornyl acetate (8.3 %). The oils from twigs without needles, young shoots, bark, and wood were dominated by 3‐carene (28.6 %, 15.0 %, 18.5 %, and 34.6 %, respectively) and myrcene (23.4 %, 24.0 %, 24.6 %, and 9.4 %, respectively). In the cone oil (E)‐β‐caryophyllene was the main constituent (24.0 %).

“…Due to limonene as the dominant needle-oil terpene, the oil of Population II (Galičica) was similar to those of the populations from the Dinaric Alps [20] [27] [31] [24], Scardo-Pindic mountains [26] [47], and the Balkan-Rhodope massif [30] (Table 3). Due to limonene as the dominant needle-oil terpene, the oil of Population II (Galičica) was similar to those of the populations from the Dinaric Alps [20] [27] [31] [24], Scardo-Pindic mountains [26] [47], and the Balkan-Rhodope massif [30] (Table 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Population Variability of Essential Oils of Pinus heldreichii from the Scardo‐Pindic Mountains Ošljak and Galičica

Nikolić

Ristić

Bojović

et al. 2015

The needle-terpene profiles of two natural Pinus heldreichii populations from Mts. Ošljak and Galičica (Scardo-Pindic mountain system) were analyzed. Among the 68 detected compounds, 66 were identified. The dominant constituents were germacrene D (28.7%), limonene (27.1%), and α-pinene (16.2%). β-Caryophyllene (6.9%), β-pinene (5.2%), β-myrcene (2.3%), pimaric acid (2.0%), α-humulene (1.2%), and seven additional components were found to be present in medium-to-high amounts (0.5-10%). Although the general needle-terpene profile of the population from Galičica was similar to those of the populations from Lovćen, Zeletin, Bjelasica, and Zlatibor-Pešter (belonging to the Dinaric Alps), the principle-component analysis (PCA) of seven terpenes (β-myrcene, limonene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, δ-cadinene, and germacrene D-4-ol) in 121 tree samples suggested a partial divergence in the needle-terpene profiles between the populations from the Scardo-Pindic mountain system and the Dinaric Alps. According to previously reported data, the P. heldreichii samples from the Balkan-Rhodope mountains lack β-caryophyllene and germacrene D, but contain γ-muurolene in their terpene profile. Differences in the terpene composition between populations growing in the three above-mentioned mountain systems were compared and discussed.