The geography of environmental injustice

Vaz, Eric; Anthony, Adam; McHenry, Meghan

doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.12.001

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is where geographical clusters of poverty are evident in some neighborhoods throughout the city. The asymmetry between wealth and poverty throughout the city has led to escalating issues that directly affect health, planning, social justice, transportation efficiency, and economic activity [19]. These are crucial aspects that may inadvertently impact the distribution of COVID-19 cases and should be systematically assessed.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Toronto: A Spatial Exploratory Analysis

Vaz

2021

Sustainability

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on a global scale. Evident signs of spatial-explicit characteristics have been noted. Nevertheless, publicly available data are scarce, impeding a complete picture of the locational impacts of COVID-19. This paper aimed to assess, confirm, and validate several geographical attributes of the geography of the pandemic. A spatial modeling framework defined whether there was a clear spatial profile to COVID-19 and the key socio-economic characteristics of the distribution in Toronto. A stepwise backward regression model was generated within a geographical information systems framework to establish the key variables influencing the spread of COVID-19 in Toronto. Further to this analysis, spatial autocorrelation was performed at the global and local levels, followed by an error and lag spatial regression to understand which explanatory framework best explained disease spread. The findings support that COVID-19 is strongly spatially explicit and that geography matters in preventing spread. Social injustice, infrastructure, and neighborhood cohesion are evident characteristics of the increasing spread and incidence of COVID-19. Mitigation of incidents can be carried out by intertwining local policies with spatial monitoring strategies at the neighborhood level throughout large cities, ensuring open data and adequacy of information management within the knowledge chain.

show abstract

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Toronto: A Spatial Exploratory Analysis

Vaz

2021

Sustainability

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The spatially explicit nature of the identified hotspots of self-harm report to a larger paradigm of the perception and geography of injustice as discussed by Vaz and others in the city of Toronto [39]. Injustice, as argued by the authors, results from an intertwining and complex correlation of several environmental determinants, and the inequality of economic opportunities within urban cores.…”

Section: Self-harm and Environmental Injusticementioning

confidence: 88%

Does Land Use and Landscape Contribute to Self-Harm? A Sustainability Cities Framework

Vaz

Shaker

Cusimano

et al. 2020

Data

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Self-harm has become one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. The overall rate for suicide in Canada is 11.3 per 100,000 according to Statistics Canada in 2015. Between 2000 and 2007 the lowest rates of suicide in Canada were in Ontario, one of the most urbanized regions in Canada. However, the interaction between land use, landscape and self-harm has not been significantly studied for urban cores. It is thus of relevance to understand the impacts of land-use and landscape on suicidal behavior. This paper takes a spatial analytical approach to assess the occurrence of self-harm along one of the densest urban cores in the country: Toronto. Individual self-harm data was gathered by the National Ambulatory Care System (NACRS) and geocoded into census tract divisions. Toronto’s urban landscape is quantified at spatial level through the calculation of its land use at different levels: (i) land use type, (ii) sprawl metrics relating to (a) dispersion and (b) sprawl/mix incidence; (iii) fragmentation metrics of (a) urban fragmentation and (b) density and (iv) demographics of (a) income and (b) age. A stepwise regression is built to understand the most influential factors leading to self-harm from this selection generating an explanatory model.

show abstract

“…Most studies on accessibility effectively measure the degree of equality of residents that enter the supply side area (Boone et al, 2009), but only a few studies have focused on exploring the impact of spatial differences in accessibility and the characteristics of different groups on differences in supply and demand (Vaz et al, 2017). In addition, more research has been conducted to calculate the population demand based on the capacity/attractiveness of the facility area, without considering the impact of the area, quality, and population demand of public facilities.…”

Section: Model Of Ecological Spatial Spillover Effect Based On the Two-step Mobile Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Closer the Better? Modeling Spatial Spillover Effects of Ecological Externalities in Coastal Mangroves

Wang¹,

Zheng²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As an important part of ecological externalities, the spatial spillover effect has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of environmental economics. However, the traditional view that the spillover mechanism of ecological externalities generally decreases in line with increases in distance remains to be thoroughly proven. Effective ecological management requires an understanding of the relationship between the natural environment and human communities. In this study, the concept of geographical accessibility and a two-step mobile search model are introduced in order to connect ecosystems and humans by a spatial distance. This model can fully demonstrate the external spatial spillover effect of ecology. Based on research from the Beihai Wetland Reserve, Guangxi, China, this study found that the change in the ecological externality spillover mechanism is not only affected by spatial distance but is also affected by the pro-environmental attributes of individual residents around the region. Under the same conditions, residents with a high degree of interaction with ecological protection zones can display a stronger spatial spillover effect. The conclusion of this study provides a more accurate understanding of the changes in the spillover effect of ecological externalities, which in turn can help managers to formulate more adequate ecological protection policies that are based on the specific conditions of different residents. This is crucial for the successful management of protected ecological areas that are highly linked to human communities.

show abstract

The geography of environmental injustice

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

COVID-19 in Toronto: A Spatial Exploratory Analysis

COVID-19 in Toronto: A Spatial Exploratory Analysis

Does Land Use and Landscape Contribute to Self-Harm? A Sustainability Cities Framework

The Closer the Better? Modeling Spatial Spillover Effects of Ecological Externalities in Coastal Mangroves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About