The Geomorphological Regions of Turkey

Kuzucuoğlu, Catherine; Çiner, Attila; Kazancı, Nizamettin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03515-0_4

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 330 publications

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“…The present‐day climate is semi‐arid, with hot and dry summers and wet and mild to cold winters. Heavy rainfall can occur between autumn and early spring (Sörensen, 2007; Kuzucuoğlu et al ., 2019). Dwarf scrubland and herb‐rich steppes characterize the present‐day vegetation on the plateaus, the foothills show an open steppe vegetation with scattered oak and fruit trees, and the plains are intensively used for arable farming made possible by the water of the Atatürk Dam (Rosen, 1997; Özcan et al ., 2018; Kuzucuoğlu, 2019; Kuzucuoğlu et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flat‐lying plateaus consist of different limestone and marl formations of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Miocene age. Locally, remaining patches of Upper Miocene basalt rocks cover the plateaus, forming isolated hills (Geological Research Department, 2014; Kuzucuoğlu et al ., 2019). Karstification occurs in areas that are dominated by chalky limestones, whereas clayey limestones show little karstic features.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Plio‐Pleistocene, combined tectonic, lithological, and climatic effects resulted in valley and floodplain development. The basins (Harran plain and Culap Suyu basin) are filled with Quaternary alluvium derived from reworked soils and slope debris of the surrounding hillslopes (Wilkinson, 1990; Rosen, 1997; Geological Research Department, 2014; Kuzucuoğlu et al ., 2019). Expectedly, the thickness of the deposits in the valleys and plains decreases in an upslope direction (Wilkinson, 1990), ranging between ~190–240 cm thickness in the proximal piedmont zone and decreasing to less than 100 cm thickness at the slope toes of the headwater catchments; the upper slopes are usually devoid of sediments (Nykamp et al ., 2020a).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre‐pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia

Nykamp

Becker

Braun

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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This study presents a meta‐analysis of radiocarbon ages for the environs of Göbekli Tepe – one of the oldest monumental structures worldwide – using cumulative probability functions to diachronically assess phases of geomorphodynamic activity as controlled by natural or anthropogenic drivers. We employ sediment cascades as a heuristic framework to study the complex responses of the geomorphological system to various triggers at local to supra‐regional scales. Possible triggers include climatic variability as documented by supra‐regional hydroclimatic proxy data, regional demographic trends, and local to regional socioeconomic developments such as the emergence of sedentism or the introduction and dispersal of livestock herding. Our results show that phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity occurred between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP. These phases roughly coincide with phases of population growth in southern Turkey and climatic variations in Turkey and the Levant. The phase between ca. 5.8–3.3 ka BP also corresponds to the time when organized agriculture and the seeder plough were introduced. Also, the identified phases are in agreement with the general trend of varying geomorphodynamic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean as driven by human impact and climatic change. However, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor the development of herding during the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic left a clear signature. We demonstrate how the different depositional environments in the studied landscape compartments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage and discuss challenges when trying to understand processes that once shaped landscapes of past societies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre‐pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia

Nykamp

Becker

Braun

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…This plateau is represented by a semi-arid ( Fig. 1b) ~ 350 km wide and 1-1.5 km high region, surrounded by the Tauride and Pontide mountain ranges in the south and north, respectively, and is dominated by normal and strike-slip faults, and localized volcanism with a wide-ranging composition (e.g., Yıldırım et al 2011;Schildgen et al 2012Schildgen et al , 2014Lüdecke et al 2013;Çiner et al 2015b;Gürbüz and Kazancı 2015;Meijers et al 2018;Kuzucuoğlu et al 2019a). In and around the Cappadocia region, there are also numerous sedimentary basins (e.g., Lake Tuz, Erciyes, Derinkuyu, Dikme basins) developed during the Neogene and Quaternary periods with various size and type (e.g., Erol 1969;Toprak and Kaymakçı 1995;Görür et al 1998;Koçyiğit and Erol 2001;Gürer and Aldanmaz 2002;Ocakoğlu 2002Ocakoğlu , 2004Kazancı 2014, 2015;Özsayın et al 2019).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cappadocia region represents one of these volcanologically remarkable provinces. Although the current landscape and landforms and volcanic history of the Cappadocia Volcanic Province have been addressed in various detailed studies (e.g., Pasquarè 1968;Innocenti et al 1975;Arık 1985;Ercan 1986;Emre 1991;Toprak and Göncüoğlu 1993;Le Pennec et al 1994Kuzucuoğlu et al 1998Kuzucuoğlu et al , 2019aPastre et al 1998;Temel et al 1998;Gevrek and Kazancı 2000;Gençalioğlu-Kuşçu and Geneli 2010;Viereck-Goette et al 2010;Aydar et al 2012Aydar et al , 2013Çiner et al 2013Aydın et al 2014;Lepetit et al 2014;Sarıkaya Fig. 1 a Neogene and Quaternary volcanic provinces of Turkey (modified from Piper et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironments of the Cappadocia region during the Neogene and Quaternary, central Turkey

Gürbüz

Saraç

Yavuz³

2019

Med. Geosc. Rev.

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The Cappadocia region located in the centre of Anatolia is mainly known because of its Neogene and Quaternary volcanism and related geomorphology showing spectacular erosional landscapes. However, in contrast to its relatively well-studied volcanic and geomorphic history, studies on its sedimentary deposits together with its environmental and climatic history are still few. In this study, we outline the paleoenvironments of the Cappadocia region through sedimentological and paleontological data. We interpreted five Neogene and Quaternary depositional environments based on 29 lithofacies described in this study, and mammal and pollen fossil contents described by previous studies in the study area. Three terrestrial packages in these periods mainly represented by fluvial and lacustrine environments were elaborated through facies descriptions. Lithofacies variations in each of these successions indicate deposition in highly dynamic environments. The middle Miocene succession is mostly represented by braided river deposits expressing deposition in a relatively high energetic environment, whereas the late Miocene-Pliocene units similarly indicate a braided river system, but was dominated by lacustrine and floodplain facies intercalated with large amount of volcanic products. Quaternary sediments in the region deposited in similar environments mainly filling the large sedimentary basins bounded by active faults and around the recent riverbeds. As pointed out by palynological data, the northern part of the Cappadocia region was dominated by arboreal taxa during the middle Miocene relative to following periods, and there is a general trend of increase in steppic herbs since the early late Miocene consistent with paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic data collected from the entire Eastern Mediterranean region. Mammal fossil content of the sedimentary and volcanoclastic units in the study area, which are correlative with stratigraphic levels where palynological studies were carried out, also indicates an herb-dominated relatively arid ecosystem since the late Miocene. Faunal data in this time coincide with a dramatic diversification in Anatolia caused by regional tectonics driven by continental collision between the Eurasian and Arabian plates in the east. While the neotectonics and climatic conditions shaped the current landscape of Anatolia mainly during the early-middle Pleistocene, insufficient mammal and pollen data from this time interval still make the early Quaternary evolution of the Cappadocia region a debate. On the other hand, detailed and robustly dated palynological data from the late Pleistocene-Holocene of the region establish a gradual increase of arboreal taxa during the early Holocene, while it is characterized by an increase in steppic herbs in the late Holocene. In addition, as a result of its very rich cultural history, anthropogenic factors should have influenced this environmental change during this period, as evidenced in several locations throughout Anatolia.

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Syntaxonomy and vegetation–environment relationships in Mount Akdağ (Amasya/Türkiye)

Yildirim

Yalçin

Cansaran

2022

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei

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The Geomorphological Regions of Turkey

Cited by 23 publications

References 330 publications

Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre‐pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia

Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre‐pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia

Paleoenvironments of the Cappadocia region during the Neogene and Quaternary, central Turkey

Syntaxonomy and vegetation–environment relationships in Mount Akdağ (Amasya/Türkiye)

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