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Background: Functional traits play important roles in plant growth and survival. According to functional traits, there are several classification types for plants such as adaptive and demographic strategies. Materials and Methods: In this study, eight endemic taxa were collected from the Amasya Kirklar Mountain in Turkey and were classified and evaluated by Grime's CSR (Competitive, Stress tolerant, Ruderal) strategy scheme. Results: These plants are in the LR(lc) (Lower risk/least concern) red list category and they are hemicryptophytes according to Raunkiaer's life forms. The CSR strategies of Asyneuma limonifolium subsp. pestalozzae, Digitalis lamarckii, and Paracaryum ancyritanum were CR, Linaria corifolia and Scutellaria salviifolia

The aim of this study is to reveal the syntaxonomical structure of Tavşan Mountain in the Euxinian transition area in northern Turkey. Eight plant associations were determined and classified using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological approach. Detrended correspondence analysis was also used to reveal the environmental heterogeneity among the plant associations. Raunkiaer life form ratios of syntaxa were calculated. Shannon-Wiener index values also were determined for each plant association. The results of this study suggested that which environmental factors could be decisive in community diversity and syntaxonomical status.

Morphology and localization of the trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Ajuga orientalis L. from Turkey were investigated. Peltate, capitate glandular and non-glandular trichomes were found on the stem, leaf, petiole, calyx and corolla surfaces of A. orientalis. Three sub-types of capitate glandular trichomes were found whereas two sub-types of non-glandular ones were stated on the several organs of A. orientalis. Glandular trichomes were mainly observed on calyx and corolla, but non-glandular ones were found on the stem, leaf surface and petiole. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19754 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 91-95, 2014 (June)

Hypericum scabrum (HS) widely used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds was extracted by using ethanol-water (3:7, v/v). The extract was encapsulated with maltodextrin and gum arabic in a spray dryer in order to protect the phenolic compounds in its structure. Different amounts of microcapsules were added to our traditional drink, i.e. ayran (drinking yoghurt). The total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the microcapsules in extract of HS and ayran samples were determined. The amount of total phenolic compounds in the microcapsule provided a superior effect than the extract. The ayran samples were supplemented with 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% of Hypericum scabrum microcapsules and it is observed that total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity indicated an increase with concentration. TPC and DPPH activity were determined as 268.86 mg GAE100 mL -1 and 78.05% for 6% supplemented samples. As a result of the sensory analysis, ayran samples supplemented with 4% of HS microcapsule gained the highest scores by the panelists and received more appreciation than the control group. It is concluded that HS4 (ayran produced by 4% HS supplemented microcapsule) sample was determined as the best sample according to the sensory analyses while the HS6 (ayran produced by 6% HS supplemented microcapsule) sample had the highest value in terms of DPPH scavenging activity and TPC results. The overall results of the present study revealed that 4% HS supplemented ayran can be produced with its enhanced health beneficial and desirable properties.