14Thorium is a highly particle-reactive element that possesses different measurable radio-15 isotopes in seawater, with well-constrained production rates and very distinct half-lives. As a 16 result, Th has emerged as a key tracer for the cycling of marine particles and of their chemical 17 constituents, including particulate organic carbon.
18Here two different versions of a model of Th and particle cycling in the ocean are tested us- to the data errors.
28We find that model V2 displays a significantly better fit to the data than model V1. Thus, 29 the mere allowance of vertical variations in the rate parameters can lead to a significantly better 30 fit to the data, without the need to modify the structure or add any new processes to the model.
31To understand how the better fit is achieved we consider two parameters, K = k 1 /(k −1 +β −1 ) 32 and K/P , where k 1 is the adsorption rate constant, k −1 the desorption rate constant, β −1 the 33 remineralization rate constant, and P the particle concentration. We find that the rate constant 34 ratio K is large (≥0.2) in the upper 1000 m and decreases to a nearly uniform value of ca. 35 0.12 below 2000 m, implying that the specific rate at which Th attaches to particles relative 36 to that at which it is released from particles is higher in the upper ocean than in the deep 37 ocean. In contrast, K/P increases with depth below 500 m. The parameters K and K/P 38 display significant positive and negative monotonic relationship with P , respectively, which is 39 collectively consistent with a particle concentration effect.