Small populations of Cape buffalo still survive in some areas of southeast Angola bordering Zambia and Namibia. In South Africa, Cape buffalo have been reintroduced to some areas from which they were formerly extirpated. They are currently widely distributed in Kruger National Park and smaller populations persist in KwaZulu-Natal (Winterbach 1998) and in many private reserves. The current population in Swaziland was also reintroduced after extirpation. West African savanna buffalo (S. c. brachyceros) This subspecies still occurs locally in western countries within the Sahelo-Sudanian band (savannas and gallery forests), including southeastern Senegal, northern Ivory Coast, southern Burkina Faso, Ghana, northern Benin, extreme south of Niger, Nigeria (very locally), northern Cameroon and a small part in the Central African Republic (East 1998). Central African savanna buffalo (S. c. aequinoctialis) This subspecies still locally populates Central African countries within the Sahelo-Sudanian band (savannahs and gallery forests): southeast Chad, northern Central African Republic (East of Chari River), northern Democratic Republic of Congo, southeast Sudan and western Ethiopia (Ansell 1972; East 1998). The subspecies is now extinct in Eritrea. Forest buffalo (S. c. nanus) This subspecies occurs in two disjoint distribution ranges in West and Central Africa, respectively in the relict coastal rainforest belt and in the large basin of the Congo River. The distribution ranges are mainly located in areas with an annual rainfall of more than 1500 mm, in transition areas between dense tropical forests and savanna ecosystems, for instance in Gabon and Uganda (East 1999). In West Africa, forest buffalo is distributed from Guinea-Bissau to southwestern Ghana. In Central Africa, forest buffalo persist in south Nigeria, south Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (extinct on Bioko Island), south and southwest Central African Republic, western Uganda,