The Glaciation of Finland

Johansson, Peter; Lunkka, Juha Pekka; Sarala, Pertti

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53447-7.00009-x

Cited by 49 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Still, a broad picture of the events that took place in western and southern Finland and adjacent areas to the east during the Late Pleistocene is relatively well established (Nenonen, 1995;Lunkka et al, 2004;Svendsen et al, 2004;Lunkka et al, 2008;Salonen et al, 2008;Pitkäranta et al, 2013;Johansson et al, 2011;Larsen et al, 2014). However, there are still unresolved and disputed questions relating to the glaciation history of Finland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lunkka et al, 2004;Johansson et al, 2011 and references therein). There are three representative sites in Ostrobothnia where the Saalian-age till is overlain by Eemian-age organic sediments (Aalto et al, 1989;Nenonen, 1995).…”

Section: Stratigraphical Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, results of previous investigations suggest that the southern and western parts of Finland were ice free during the Mid-Saalian (Marine Isotope Stage, MIS 7) (Salonen et al, 1992), and from the Eemian Interglacial through to the end of the Odderade Interstadial of the Early Weichselian substage (MIS 5e -MIS 5a) (Nenonen, 1995;Saarnisto & Salonen, 1995;Lunkka et al, 2004;Sarala, 2005;Salonen et al, 2008;Johansson et al, 2011). In addition, ice-free period(s) has (have) also occurred during the latter part of the Middle Weichselian (MIS 3) (Ukkonen et al, 1999;Lunkka et al, 2001;Svendsen et al, 2004;Salonen et al, 2008) and following the last deglaciation that took place in the area c. 10 ka ago (Johansson et al, 2011;Cuzzone et al, 2016). In terms of SIS advances this implies that, after the Warthe Substage (MIS 6) of the Saalian Glaciation, the SIS advanced into western Finland across the Gulf of Bothnia (i) at the beginning of the Middle Weichselian (~MIS 4), (ii) at least once during the latter part of the Middle Weichselian (c. MIS 3) and, fi nally, (iii) during the Late Weichselian (MIS 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), there are a number of localities where interglacial/ interstadial Middle and Late Pleistocene sediments have survived glacial erosion (Johansson et al, 2011), in spite being glaciotectonically deformed to various degrees at most sites investigated. However, nowhere in Ostrobothnia has any site been found where all the recognised pre-Weichselian/ Weichselian till units (representing ice coverage) occurred in superposition, separated by interglacial/ interstadial sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to this evidence, geochronological methods, such as thermo-and optical stimulated luminescence methods (TL and OSL) and radiocarbon dating ( 14 C), have also been widely applied during the past decades for chronostratigraphical correlation to obtain a temporal control of the repeated events of glacial coverage from the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) (cf. Donner, 1995;Nenonen, 1995;Svendsen et al, 2004;Lunkka et al, 2004;Larsen et al, 2006;Johansson et al, 2011;Wohlfarth, 2013;Helmens, 2014). Most of Finland, located east of the former ice dome areas of the SIS, is in a crucial location for studying major waxing and waning events of the SIS through time -although several ice advance events across the area have caused erosion and subglacial deformation of previously deposited sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphy of the Koivusaarenneva exposure and its correlation across central Ostrobothnia, Finland

Lunkka¹,

Lintinen²,

Nenonen³

et al. 2016

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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A multiple till succession at Koivusaarenneva in Central Ostrobothnia, adjacent to the Gulf of Bothnia, was studied using conventional sedimentological techniques. In addition, a sand-rich unit between two till beds was dated by the Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) method and organic-bearing silt was subjected to pollen analysis. The methods were applied to determine the Pleistocene sedimentation history of the area. The results obtained indicate that the lowest till above the crystalline bedrock at Koivusaarenneva was deposited from the NNW during the Saalian glaciation, whereas the organic-bearing sediments and deformed sand and silt above, were laid down during the Eemian and the Early Weichselian stages. Two till beds above the Early Weichselian sediments indicate that at least two separate Scandinavian Ice Sheet advances took place in the area, most likely in the early Middle Weichselian and the Late Weichselian substages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stratigraphical Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stratigraphy of the Koivusaarenneva exposure and its correlation across central Ostrobothnia, Finland

Lunkka¹,

Lintinen²,

Nenonen³

et al. 2016

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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Controls on the early Holocene collapse of the Bothnian Sea Ice Stream

et al. 2016

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New high‐resolution multibeam data in the Gulf of Bothnia reveal for the first time the subglacial environment of a Bothnian Sea Ice Stream. The geomorphological record suggests that increased meltwater production may have been important in driving rapid retreat of Bothnian Sea Ice during deglaciation. Here we apply a well‐established, one‐dimensional flow line model to simulate ice flow through the Gulf of Bothnia and investigate controls on retreat of the ice stream during the post‐Younger Dryas deglaciation of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The relative influence of atmospheric and marine forcings are investigated, with the modeled ice stream exhibiting much greater sensitivity to surface melting, implemented through surface mass balance and hydrofracture‐induced calving, than to submarine melting or relative sea level change. Such sensitivity is supported by the presence of extensive meltwater features in the geomorphological record. The modeled ice stream does not demonstrate significant sensitivity to changes in prescribed ice stream width or overall bed slope, but local variations in basal topography and ice stream width result in nonlinear retreat of the grounding line, notably demonstrating points of short‐lived retreat slowdown on reverse bed slopes. Retreat of the ice stream was most likely governed by increased ice surface meltwater production, with the modeled retreat rate less sensitive to marine forcings despite the marine setting.

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Flushing or mixing? Stable water isotopes reveal differences in arctic forest and peatland soil water seasonality

Muhic

Ala‐aho

Noor

et al. 2023

Hydrological Processes

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Understanding the relative importance of different water sources that replenish soil water storage is necessary to assess the vulnerability of sub-arctic areas to changes in climate and altered rain and snow conditions, reflected in the timing and magnitude of water infiltration. We examine spatiotemporal variability and seasonal origin of soil water at the soil-vegetation interface in Pallas catchment, located in northern Finland. The field study was conducted from May 2019 to June 2020 over two

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The Glaciation of Finland

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Stratigraphy of the Koivusaarenneva exposure and its correlation across central Ostrobothnia, Finland

Stratigraphy of the Koivusaarenneva exposure and its correlation across central Ostrobothnia, Finland

Controls on the early Holocene collapse of the Bothnian Sea Ice Stream

Flushing or mixing? Stable water isotopes reveal differences in arctic forest and peatland soil water seasonality

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