The Glasgow Assessment Schedule: Clinical and research assessment of head injury outcome

Livingston, Mark; Livingston, Hilary M.

doi:10.3109/03790798509165983

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Psychosocial measures included sections A, D and E of the Frontal Lobe Personality Scale,31 which provides a self-rated evaluation of various aspects of personality associated with frontal lobe pathology; the Glasgow Assessment Schedule,32 which is a 40 item examiner rated evaluation of six areas of functioning, including personality change, subjective complaints, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, physical examination and activities of daily living; the Kennedy-Johnson Post-Concussion Scale,33 which was developed to assess postconcussive symptoms; the Beck Depression Inventory; the Beck Anxiety Inventory; and the Rand SF-36 Item Health Survey,34 which consists of 36 questions assessing various aspects of functioning following illness or injury and has been used extensively following TBI. Neuropsychological measures of attentional skills and psychomotor speed included the Digit Span and Digit Symbol subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-third edition (WAIS-III) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test 4…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E and traumatic brain injury in a military population: evidence of a neuropsychological compensatory mechanism?

Han

Drake

Cessante

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Objective: Although research has implicated the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon-4 genotype as having a negative effect on neuropsychological outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the potentially negative role of the e4 allele on TBI outcomes has recently been challenged. In light of this debate, the present study served to examine the role of APOE genotype on neuropsychological outcomes approximately 1 month following mild to moderate TBI in a military population. Because of the well documented role of the APOE-e4 allele in increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease, we predicted that persons with the APOE-e4 genotype would display relatively greater deficits in cognition than their non-e4 counterparts. Methods: 78 participants were consecutively recruited following a mild to moderate TBI and were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of an APOE e4 allele. Groups were comparable on demographic characteristics and psychosocial outcomes. Participants were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Results: Analyses revealed comparable performances on most neuropsychological measures and better performances by e4 carriers on select measures of attention, executive functioning and episodic memory encoding. Furthermore, differences remained after accounting for the effects of TBI severity. Conclusions: Evidence from these analyses supports current literature refuting the notion of relatively poorer neuropsychological functioning associated with the APOE-e4 genotype among young adult participants shortly following mild or moderate brain injury. Neuropsychological performance differences by APOE genotype following TBI are discussed in terms of the importance of considering severity of injury, timing of postinjury assessment and possible neurocognitive compensatory mechanisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E and traumatic brain injury in a military population: evidence of a neuropsychological compensatory mechanism?

Han

Drake

Cessante

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…[20][21][22]29,33 In this part of the interview, current behavioural patterns were obtained from the informants and compared with the pre-incident period. Self-care and mobility (physical ADL) and community living skills (instrumental ADL) were assessed using 13 items adapted from the Functional Assessment In-vent0ry.j' The informant graded the injured person's ability to perform each task on a three-point scale: (i) able to perform the task without assistance, (ii) able to perform the task with some assistance, and (iii) unable to perform the task even with assistance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome following physical trauma: a comparative approach

Lyle

Quine

Pierce³

et al. 1990

International Disability Studies

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This study aimed to examine physical and psychosocial changes after injury in a range of trauma patients. Three groups were selected for comparison purposes: severely head-injured patients, patients with major trauma, and those with minor trauma (n = 102). Outcomes were assessed by questionnaires and inventories administered to a family member or friend of the trauma survivor, approximately 1 year post-injury. Severely head-injured patients were reported to have the greatest degree of difficulty in self-care and mobility, and in community living skills, followed by other major trauma patients and then minor trauma patients. Severely head-injured patients also had relatively more frequent reports of behavioural changes than the other two groups. None the less, more than half of the major trauma group were reported to act differently after the accident. The relative frequency of adverse outcomes in the major trauma group was greater than expected and should be the focus of further research.

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“…Changes in the patients' affective, behavioural, and social functioning; changes of the patient's personality; and changes of affective and social function and burden in relatives were assessed with standard instruments*RF 29-32* and questionnaires developed in Glasgow 33. The Barthel index,34 an extended version of the Glasgow outcome scale,35 the Glasgow assessment schedule,36 and the disability rating scale provided global ratings of patients' impairment, disability, and handicap and of the time spent in contact with paramedics, clinical psychology, and other agencies after discharge. Changes in the patients' and relatives' housing, financial, vocational, leisure, and medical needs and ongoing requirement for hours of care, support, and supervision were recorded with questionnaires used previously in Glasgow.…”

Section: Data Gatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%