The Glasgow Outcome Scale — 40 years of application and refinement

McMillan, T. M.; Wilson, Lindsay; Ponsford, Jennie Louise; Levin, Harvey S.; Teasdale, Graham M.; Bond, Michael R.

doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.89

Cited by 278 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…To a clinician, recovery may be generally defined in terms of improved behavior following an injury. Good recovery is defined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale as a “resumption of normal activities even though there may be minor neurological and psychophysical deficits” [1, 2]. Therefore, from the clinical perspective, an individual is “recovered” if they are able to show some improvement in functioning independently [3, 4].…”

Section: Recovery or Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanisms of Recovery and/or Compensation following Injury

2017

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Injury due to stroke and traumatic brain injury result in significant long-term effects upon behavioral functioning. One central question to rehabilitation research is whether the nature of behavioral improvement observed is due to recovery or the development of compensatory mechanisms. The nature of functional improvement can be viewed from the perspective of behavioral changes or changes in neuroanatomical plasticity that follows. Research suggests that these changes correspond to each other in a bidirectional manner. Mechanisms surrounding phenomena like neural plasticity may offer an opportunity to explain how variables such as experience can impact improvement and influence the definition of recovery. What is more, the intensity of the rehabilitative experiences may influence the ability to recover function and support functional improvement of behavior. All of this impacts how researchers, clinicians, and medical professionals utilize rehabilitation.

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Section: Recovery or Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanisms of Recovery and/or Compensation following Injury

2017

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“…In most studies, PCPC is assessed at baseline (preadmission) and at hospital discharge, via medical record review or caregiver interview, and has very good to excellent interrater reliability, making it amenable to research (76). The second most commonly used outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and its extensions, GOS – Extended (GOS-E) and GOS-E Pediatric Revision (GOS-E Peds) (77–79). The GOS describes a range of disability, ranging from good recovery to death, and is administered as a semi-structured interview (79).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second most commonly used outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and its extensions, GOS – Extended (GOS-E) and GOS-E Pediatric Revision (GOS-E Peds) (77–79). The GOS describes a range of disability, ranging from good recovery to death, and is administered as a semi-structured interview (79). Its pediatric version, GOS-E Peds, has recently been validated in children with TBI (78).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Outcomes Following Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Caprarola

Kudchadkar

Bembea

2017

Curr Treat Options Peds

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Purpose of review With increasing survival of children requiring admission to pediatric intensive care units (PICU), neurodevelopmental outcomes of these patients are an area of increased attention. Our goal was to systematically review recently published literature on neurologic outcomes of PICU patients. Recent Findings Decline in neurofunctional status occurs in 3%–20% of children requiring PICU care. This proportion varies based on primary diagnosis and severity of illness, with children admitted for primary neurologic diagnosis, children who suffer cardiac arrest or who require invasive interventions during the PICU admission, having worse outcomes. Recent research focuses on early identification and treatment of modifiable risk factors for unfavorable outcomes, and on long-term follow-up that moves beyond global cognitive outcomes and is increasingly including tests assessing multidimensional aspects of neurodevelopment. Summary The pediatric critical care research community has shifted focus from survival to survival with favorable neurologic outcomes of children admitted to the PICU.

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“…There is also a need to investigate the corroboration between the evidence for HI in medical records and by self-report, especially for moderate to severe HI, where both hospital admission and long term effects are more likely. Future studies also need to use validated assessments of disability for HI and to estimate service-need for which there are well validated tools available 32 . Furthermore, comparatively little is known about HI in female prisoners, and a research focus here is overdue.…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Head Injury and Associated Disability in Prison Populations: A Systematic Review

Moynan

McMillan²

2018

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

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The wide range in prevalence estimates of HI in prisoners is associated with high risk of bias from study design and methods. Persisting disability associated with HI was not reported and as a result the service need for prisoners with HI is unclear. Future studies should indicate that samples are representative of prison populations, use validated tools and internationally accepted definitions of HI, and link prevalence to persisting disability.

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The Glasgow Outcome Scale — 40 years of application and refinement

Cited by 278 publications

References 94 publications

Understanding the Mechanisms of Recovery and/or Compensation following Injury

Understanding the Mechanisms of Recovery and/or Compensation following Injury

Neurologic Outcomes Following Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Prevalence of Head Injury and Associated Disability in Prison Populations: A Systematic Review

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