The GLIM System: Release 4 Manual.

Francis, Brian; Green, Michael; Payne, Clive

doi:10.2307/2533370

Cited by 275 publications

(216 citation statements)

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“…A logistic analysis using GLIM (Francis et al, 1993) was used to assess the independent association between the chosen variables and the dependent variable supplement use. All of the chosen variables were included and their independent effects assessed, and those with no signi®cant association with supplement use were removed by backward elimination from the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

et al. 1997

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Objective: To determine the levels of and factors associated with the use of nutritional supplements by children participating in the National Study of Health and Growth (NSHG). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Fifty-six study areas in England and Scotland. Subjects: Fifteen thousand, two hundred and seventy ®ve children aged between 4 and 12 y. Interventions: Parental completion of a self-administered questionnaire on the child's health, social background and supplement use. Height, weight and skinfold measurements. Results: An 88% response rate to the supplement question, 15.9% of responders reported using a supplement. Multivitamins were the most commonly consumed supplement (84%) with 52% taking a supplement daily. Younger children, those whose mothers reached further education, whose fathers were in non-manual occupations or who lived in the Midlands or South were signi®cantly more likely to use a supplement, as were children from smaller families or whose parents were non-smokers. There was no signi®cant association between supplement use and sex, height, birthweight, length of gestation, father's education, number of parents in the home or vegetarianism. Signi®cant differences were found in the use of supplements between the ethnic origin groups. Children of Afro-Caribbean, Asian or other origin were more likely to take a supplement compared to white English and Scottish groups. There were differences in the type of supplements used with Afro-Caribbean and other origin children using more cod liver oil. Conclusion:We support the ®ndings of other studies which show that children with the least need for supplements as de®ned by socio-economic variables are more likely to receive them and suggest that cultural background is also an important factor in in¯uencing supplement use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

et al. 1997

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“…Relations between the response (behaviour, substrate type, mean or maximum motherpup distance) and ten potential explanatory variables were analysed with Generalised Linear Models using GLIM 4.0 (Francis et al 1993;Lindsey 1995). These ten variables were:…”

Section: Behavioural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus

Twiss¹,

Caudron

Pomeroy

et al. 2000

Animal Behaviour

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(2000) 'Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in o spring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus.', Animal behaviour., 59 (2). pp. 327-338. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1320 Publisher's copyright statement: This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Animal Behaviour. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A de nitive version was subsequently published in Animal Behaviour, 2000Behaviour, , 59, 2, 327 338, doi: 10.1006Behaviour, /anbe.1999Behaviour, .1320 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. ABSTRACTGrey seals breed colonially on substrates ranging from ice to rocky or sandy beaches. Clear differences in seal behaviour patterns exist among such broad classes of breeding habitat.However, finer scale topographic variation is likely to influence individual behaviour with consequences for pupping success. We examine topographic influences on breeding female grey seal behaviour by quantifying topography at a sub-seal size resolution. Using sub-metre resolution Digital Terrain Models of two sites within a rocky breeding colony we compare site topography in relation to observed differences in female behaviour at these sites. Females at both sites showed a preference for breeding close to water (standing pools or sea) and frequently commuted between their pups and water. Topographic models indicated that one site was more costly for seals in terms of their locations and movements within the site. This was due to a lack of low elevation land adjacent to the main access points from the sea and the reduced availability of pools. Females at this site showed reduced pup attendance and an increase in energetically costly behaviours, whilst females at the lower cost site spent more time interacting with their pups and resting. These topographically induced behavioural differences are likely to affect the quantity and quality of pup provisioning by mothers and influence individual pupping site selection. Less costly sites are likely to be colonised preferentially and by larger, older and more dominant females, potentially generating fine scale spatial heterogeneity in female quality within the breeding colony.Whilst it may be obvious that topography is likely to...

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“…The data were analysed using Epi-Info 6 for single variable analysis [3] and GLIM 4 for single variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis [4]. Odds ratios and associated P-values were calculated to estimate the risk of disease associated with each potential risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella virchowPT 26 infection in England and Wales: a case control study investigating an increase in cases during 1994

Willocks¹,

Morgan²,

Sufi³

et al. 1996

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYAn increase in the number of human isolates of Salmonella virchow phage type (PT) 26 in England and Wales during 1994 was investigated. A national case control study was conducted which included 88 cases and 182 controls. The cases were mostly young adults (median age 26) and 13 (15 %) were admitted to hospital. Acquisition of S. virchow PT 26 was associated with the consumption of any chicken (OR 2-5, CI 1 1-5'8), of chicken curry from restaurants and take aways (OR 2-9, CI 1-4-6 1), and of some other diverse types of pre-prepared chicken (OR 3 8, CI 19-7 6). Halal chicken was associated (P = 0 006) with illness in a subset. There were negative associations with contact with animals (OR 0 47, CI 0-23-0 95) and with the consumption of chicken cooked whole (OR 0 37, CI 0-21-0-66). The increase in S. virchow PT 26 may be due to changing epizoology and may be an indicator of what will become the dominant salmonella strain in poultry in future years. The increasing incidence of S. virchow PT 26 is of particular concern because of its association with more invasive disease in humans.

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The GLIM System: Release 4 Manual.

Cited by 275 publications

References 0 publications

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

The use of nutritional supplements by 4–12 year olds in England and Scotland

Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus

Salmonella virchowPT 26 infection in England and Wales: a case control study investigating an increase in cases during 1994

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