The global biogeography of polyploid plants

Rice, Anna; Šmarda, Petr; Novosolov, Maria; Drori, Michal; Glick, Lior; Sabath, Niv; Meiri, Shai; Belmaker, Jonathan; Mayrose, Itay

doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0787-9

Cited by 258 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The concentration of diploid populations of L. spartum on the NW African Highlands agrees with the general gradients of polyploid frequency shown by Rice et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A formal classification of the Lygeum spartum vegetation of the Mediterranean Region

Marcenò

Guarino

Mucina

et al. 2019

Applied Vegetation Science

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Aims We examined all available literature and some unpublished data on the We examined all available literature and some unpublished data on the grasslands dominated by Lygeum spartum from Southern Europe and North Africa to produce a formalised classification of this vegetation and to identify the main factors determining its plant species composition. Location Mediterranean Basin and Iberian Peninsula. Methods We used a dataset of 728 relevés, which were resampled to reduce unbalanced sampling effort, resulting in a dataset of 568 relevés and 846 taxa. We classified the plots by TWINSPAN, interpreted the resulting pools, and used them to develop formal definitions of phytosociological alliances characterised by L. spartum vegetation. The definitions were included in an expert system to assist automatic vegetation classification. We related the alliances to climatic factors and described their biogeographical features and ecological preferences. The floristic relationships between these alliances were analysed and visualised using distance‐based redundancy analysis. Results We defined eleven alliances of L. spartum vegetation, including the newly described Launaeo laniferae–Lygeion sparti from SW Morocco and the Noaeo mucronatae–Lygeion sparti from the Algerian highlands and NE Morocco. Biogeographical, climatic, and edaphic factors were revealed as putatively driving the differentiation between the alliances. Vegetations of clayey slopes and inland salt basins displayed higher variability in comparison with those of coastal salt marshes. Main conclusions A comprehensive formal classification, accompanied by an expert system, of the grasslands from Southern Europe and North Africa dominated by Lygeum spartum vegetation was formulated. Eleven phytosociological alliances were recognised, whose plant species composition is influenced by biogeographic, climatic, and edaphic drivers. The expert system, containing formal definitions of the phytosociological alliances, will assist in identifying the syntaxonomic position of new datasets.

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“…The concentration of diploid populations of L. spartum on the NW African Highlands agrees with the general gradients of polyploid frequency shown by Rice et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A formal classification of the Lygeum spartum vegetation of the Mediterranean Region

Marcenò

Guarino

Mucina

et al. 2019

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…For the Special Issue: Plant-Environment Interactions: Integrating Across Levels and Scales Genome duplication effects on functional traits and fitness are genetic context and species dependent: studies of synthetic polyploid Fragaria Na Wei 1,4 , Zhaokui Du 2 , Aaron Liston 3 , and Tia-Lynn Ashman 1,4 one third of extant angiosperms (Wood et al, 2009), and globally widespread along the latitudinal gradient with an increased frequency from the tropics (~30%) to the poles (~50%) (Rice et al, 2019). While the potential adaptive mechanisms of polyploid prevalence in plant evolution and ecology have long been discussed (Levin, 1983;Ramsey and Ramsey, 2014;Soltis et al, 2016;Van de Peer et al, 2017), only recently have investigators begun to experimentally evaluate the hypotheses for polyploid advantage and disentangle underlying mechanisms in ecologically relevant contexts (e.g., Maherali et al, 2009;Ramsey, 2011;Chao et al, 2013;Godfree et al, 2017;Wei et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Invited Special Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As heritable genomic variation, polyploidy involves multiple (>2) sets of chromosomes of the same origin via genome duplication (i.e., autopolyploidy) or of different origins via hybridization and genome duplication (i.e., allopolyploidy) (Stebbins, ; Levin, ). Polyploid plants are common, accounting for approximately one third of extant angiosperms (Wood et al., ), and globally widespread along the latitudinal gradient with an increased frequency from the tropics (~30%) to the poles (~50%) (Rice et al., ). While the potential adaptive mechanisms of polyploid prevalence in plant evolution and ecology have long been discussed (Levin, ; Ramsey and Ramsey, ; Soltis et al., ; Van de Peer et al., ), only recently have investigators begun to experimentally evaluate the hypotheses for polyploid advantage and disentangle underlying mechanisms in ecologically relevant contexts (e.g., Maherali et al., ; Ramsey, ; Chao et al., ; Godfree et al., ; Wei et al., 2019a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyploid biogeography (Rice et al., ) points to the association between polyploid prevalence and environmental stress (Van De Peer et al., ). Not only can polyploidy improve stress tolerance (e.g., to drought, salinity, or temperature extremes; Maherali et al., ; Zhang et al., ; Liu et al., ; Chao et al., ; Yang et al., ), but polyploids can have a fitness advantage over diploids across a broad range of environments, from stressful to favorable conditions (e.g., Hahn et al., ; Godfree et al., ; Wei et al., 2019a), highlighting the potential of polyploid advantage under a changing environment where stresses that have not previously been encountered are possible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome duplication effects on functional traits and fitness are genetic context and species dependent: studies of synthetic polyploid Fragaria

Wei

Liston

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise Divergence in functional traits and adaptive responses to environmental change underlies the ecological advantage of polyploid plants in the wild. While established polyploids may benefit from combined outcomes of genome doubling, hybridization, and polyploidy‐enabled adaptive evolution, whether genome doubling alone can drive ecological divergence or whether the outcome is genetically variable remains less clear. Methods Using synthetic, colchicine‐induced, autotetraploid (4x) plants derived from self‐pollinated diploid (2x) seeds, and their colchicine‐treated but unconverted diploid (2x.nc) full sibs from two diploid wild strawberry taxa (Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca and F. vesca subsp. bracteata), we examined the effects of genome doubling on functional traits, heat stress tolerance, and fitness components across taxa and maternal families (i.e., genetic families) within taxa. Results Comparisons between 2x and 2x.nc plants indicated a negligible effect of colchicine treatment on functional traits. Genome doubling increased stomatal length and decreased stomatal density, specific leaf area, and leaf vein density, recapitulating patterns observed in wild polyploid Fragaria. Trichome density, heat stress tolerance, and relative growth rate were not significantly affected by genome doubling. Although clonal reproduction was reduced in response to genome doubling, this effect was strongly genetic‐family dependent. Conclusions The results suggest that genome doubling during incipient speciation alone can generate ecological divergence and variation among genetic lineages. This response potentially allows for rapid short‐term evolutionary adaptation and fuels genomic diversity and independent origins of polyploidy.

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“…Polyploidy plays an important role in plant evolutionary processes, such as speciation (Wood et al ., ), novel trait generation (Soltis & Soltis, ), crop domestication (Salman‐Minkov et al ., ), invasion (Suda et al ., ) and community assembly (Segraves, ; Rice et al ., ). Although nearly 15% of speciation events in angiosperms could have resulted from polyploidy (Wood et al ., ), it has long been debated whether polyploidy promotes diversification or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy promotes species diversification of Allium through ecological shifts

et al. 2019

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Summary Despite the role of polyploidy in multiple evolutionary processes, its impact on plant diversification remains controversial. An increased polyploid frequency may facilitate speciation through shifts in ecology, morphology or both. Here we used Allium to evaluate: (1) the relationship between intraspecific polyploid frequency and species diversification rate; and (2) whether this process is associated with habitat and/or trait shifts. Using eight plastid and nuclear ribosomal markers, we built a phylogeny of 448 Allium species, representing 46% of the total. We quantified intraspecific ploidy diversity, heterogeneity in diversification rates and their relationship along the phylogeny using trait‐dependent diversification models. Finally, we evaluated the association between polyploidisation and habitat or trait shifts. We detected high ploidy diversity in Allium and a polyploidy‐related diversification rate shift with a probability of 95% in East Asia. Allium lineages with high polyploid frequencies had higher species diversification rates than those of diploids or lineages with lower polyploid frequencies. Shifts in speciation rates were strongly correlated with habitat shifts linked to particular soil conditions; 81.7% of edaphic variation could be explained by polyploidisation. Our study emphasises the role of intraspecific polyploid frequency combined with ecological drivers on Allium diversification, which may explain plant radiations more generally.

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The global biogeography of polyploid plants

Cited by 258 publications

References 75 publications

A formal classification of the Lygeum spartum vegetation of the Mediterranean Region

A formal classification of the Lygeum spartum vegetation of the Mediterranean Region

Genome duplication effects on functional traits and fitness are genetic context and species dependent: studies of synthetic polyploid Fragaria

Polyploidy promotes species diversification of Allium through ecological shifts

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