The global burden of hepatitis E outbreaks: a systematic review

Hakim, Mohamad S.; Wang, Wenshi; Bramer, Wichor M.; Geng, Jiawei; Huang, Fen; Man, Robert A. de; Peppelenbosch, Maikel P.; Pan, Qiuwei

doi:10.1111/liv.13237

Cited by 94 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(385 reference statements)

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“…It is one of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis in the world. Although the infection is generally self‐limiting, severe complications and high mortality rates have been reported in special populations, including pregnant women, immunocompromised patients, and patients with preexisting liver disease . HEV outbreaks periodically occur throughout resource‐limited countries, including the large ongoing outbreak in Niger, resulting in a heavy clinical burden with a high mortality rate in pregnant women .…”

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confidence: 99%

The RNA genome of hepatitis E virus robustly triggers an antiviral interferon response

Wang

et al. 2018

Hepatology

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HEV infection elicits an active IFN-related antiviral response in vitro and in patients, triggered by the viral RNA and mediated by IFN regulatory factors 3 and 7 and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription cascade; these findings have revealed new insights into HEV-host interactions and provided the basis for understanding the pathogenesis and outcome of HEV infection. (Hepatology 2018;67:2096-2112).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The RNA genome of hepatitis E virus robustly triggers an antiviral interferon response

Wang

et al. 2018

Hepatology

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“…However, is some cases, particularly in pregnant women, hepatitis E can cause acute liver failure, and recently hepatitis E outbreaks have become more common in displacement camps (Boccia et al, 2006;Hakim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Outbreak Burden and The Role Of Washmentioning

confidence: 99%

WASH Interventions in Disease Outbreak Response

Yates¹,

Allen²,

Joseph³

et al. 2017

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. We would also like to thank Karin Gallandat for assistance in processing the French evaluations and Karen Vagts, a Tufts University librarian, for helping with the search strategy. Finally, we would like to thank the organizations and individuals who contributed grey literature documents that were critical to this review. Action Contre la Faim and Oxfam, in particular, made significant contributions to advance this review. Series editorsThe report forms part of a series of humanitarian evidence syntheses and systematic reviews covering child protection, market support, mental health, nutrition, pastoralist livelihoods, shelter, urban contexts and water, sanitation and hygiene.The reports and corresponding protocols (methodology) can be found at: https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs  http://fic.tufts.edu/research-item/the-humanitarian-evidence-program/  http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/our-work/humanitarian/humanitarian-evidenceprogrammeThe series editors are: Roxanne Krystalli, Eleanor Ott and Lisa Walmsley. Photo creditAs part of Oxfam's cholera response in Juba, South Sudan, teams of public health volunteers have been teaching affected communities about the importance of keeping themselves and their environment clean. May 2014. Kieran Doherty/Oxfam. © Copyright Oxfam GB 2017This publication is subject to copyright but the text may be used free of charge for the purposes of advocacy, campaigning, education and research, provided that the source is acknowledged in full. The copyright holder requests that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, permission must be secured and a fee may be charged. WASH interventions are commonly implemented as part of emergency response activities (i.e. in response to disease outbreaks) in LMICs. WASH interventions are provided to large populations to reduce the risk of disease transmission in a variety of settings. This synthesis focuses on WASH interventions targeted at populations affected by cholera, Ebola virus disease (hereafter 'Ebola'), hepatitis E, hepatitis A, typhoid, acute watery diarrhoea and bacillary shigellosis (dysentery).The review focuses on the following 10 WASH interventions:  the occurrence of disease in excess of the normal baseline (two times the baseline) or a sudden spike in cases (two times the incidence of new cases) a single case of a communicable disease long absent from a population, or caused by a pathogen not previously recognized in that community or area  emergence of a previously unknown disease  a single case of particular diseases of interest (cholera, Ebola and hepatitis E).The evidence synthesis aims to: verify the quality of existing evidence relating to WASH interventions in humanitarian settings  help researchers identify the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and thus to recognize potential improvements and opportunities for future research  assist practitioners and policy m...

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“…Large and prolonged HEV outbreaks are frequently seen in Asian and African countries. 2 It has been suggested that Hecolin® could be valuable in preventing severe morbidity and mortality in this epidemic setting, such as in a recent outbreak in Nepal. 95,96 However, the effectiveness of HEV vaccine is not known to provide a quick protection for the exposed populations during HEV outbreaks.…”

Section: T Cell Exhaustion In Chronic Hepatitis Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the predominant cause of acute hepatitis worldwide . It is also the causative agent of many large hepatitis outbreaks and continuously poses a serious threat, especially in developing countries . HEV was initially thought to only cause acute infection where most patients remain asymptomatic .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

Hakim

Ikram

Zhou

et al. 2017

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide and an emerging cause of chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. As with viral infections in general, immune responses are critical to determine the outcome of HEV infection. Accumulating studies in cell culture, animal models and patients have improved our understanding of HEV immunopathogenesis and informed the development of new antiviral therapies and effective vaccines. In this review, we discuss the recent progress on innate and adaptive immunity in HEV infection, and the implications for the devolopment of effective vaccines and immune-based therapies.

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The global burden of hepatitis E outbreaks: a systematic review

Cited by 94 publications

References 119 publications

The RNA genome of hepatitis E virus robustly triggers an antiviral interferon response

The RNA genome of hepatitis E virus robustly triggers an antiviral interferon response

WASH Interventions in Disease Outbreak Response

Immunity against hepatitis E virus infection: Implications for therapy and vaccine development

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