WASH Interventions in Disease Outbreak Response

Yates, Travis; Allen, Jelena; Joseph, Myriam Leandre; Lantagne, Daniele

doi:10.21201/2017.8753

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After applying the three selection filters, 47 studies describing 51 evaluations were included (Figure 1). each included study is detailed in the full report (Yates et al, 2017). the included evaluations described WASH interventions in 19 countries, with the highest frequency of evaluations from Zimbabwe (8/51, 16 per cent) and Haiti (7/51, 14 per cent).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in outbreak response: a synthesis of evidence

Yates

Vujcic²,

Joseph³

et al. 2018

Waterlines

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions are key to reducing the burden of disease associated with outbreaks, and are commonly implemented in emergency response. However, there is a lack of summarized evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions. We conducted a systematic review of published and grey literature by developing theory of change models, developing inclusion criteria, conducting the search, selecting evaluations for inclusion, assessing the quality of the evidence, and analysing the included evaluations. Overall, 15,026 documents were identified and 51 evaluations from 47 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions from 19 countries were included, primarily in response to cholera (86 per cent). Most included evaluations (70 per cent) were at high risk of bias and nearly half were from grey literature (49 per cent). We found that WASH interventions consistently reduced both the risk of disease and the risk of transmission in outbreak contexts; however, programme design and beneficiary preferences were important considerations to ensure WASH intervention effectiveness. Critical programme design characteristics included simple interventions that were appropriately timed, community-driven, and had linkages between relief and development. Beneficiary preferences, barriers, and facilitators to WASH interventions in outbreak response were taste and smell of water treatment, communication methods, inaccurate perception of efficacy, and trust/fear. Research on commonly implemented but severely under-researched WASH interventions is recommended. It is also recommended that responders implement interventions that are: efficacious, simple, well-timed, community-driven, link relief and development, and address barriers and facilitators to use with communities.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in outbreak response: a synthesis of evidence

Yates

Vujcic²,

Joseph³

et al. 2018

Waterlines

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[78] To achieve these final desired concentrations of hypochlorite, it is necessary to dilute the commercially available chlorine-based bleach products where the chlorine concentrations usually vary between 4 % and 6 %. [80,83] It can be noted that high concentrations of chlorine in commercial bleach can cause corrosion of metal, alloy, many thermoplastic and irritation of skin with potential side-effects.…”

Section: Naocl þ H 2 O ð Hocl þ Naohmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 into Chemical Science Perspective: Chemical Preventive Measures and Drug Development

Adhikari

Sahu

2021

ChemistrySelect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID‐19 facts and literature are discussed into chemical science intuition highlighting the direct role of chemistry to the ongoing global pandemic by covering structural identification of the virus, chemical preventive measures and development of drugs. We reviewed the four most promising repurposed drugs which are presently being investigated in mass clinical trials on COVID‐19 infected persons and synthetic routes of these drugs with their recent advancement. Chemical preventive measures such as soap water, hand sanitizer and disinfectant are the only available options in the arsenal to fight against COVID‐19, till an effective medicine or vaccine will be made available. As such the present review will focus on the mode of action of the major chemical preventives.

show abstract

“…The main objective of the cluster grid response strategy was to quickly target case clusters (including affected households and at-risk populations in the community), in which interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Description Of the Targeted Response Using The Cluster Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To treat turbid water (> 5 NTU), a jar test was used to determine the treatment necessary [19,20]. Each household was provided with a household hygiene kit, containing soap, a 20-l water storage container and ready-to-use chlorine for disinfection of drinking water containers [22,23]. Water storage containers were distributed together with instructions to safely store household drinking water [25].…”

Section: Description Of the Targeted Response Using The Cluster Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017–2018 in Kinshasa, DRC

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban areas. During late-2017, Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced a cholera outbreak that showed potential to spread throughout the city. A novel targeted water and hygiene response strategy was implemented to quickly stem the outbreak. Methods: We describe the first implementation of the cluster grid response strategy carried out in the community during the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa, in which response activities targeted cholera case clusters using a grid approach. Interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion. We also performed a preliminary community trial study to assess the temporal pattern of the outbreak before and after response interventions were implemented. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak using epidemic curves and maps. Results: From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the most affected health zones included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% after 2 weeks and 86% after 4 weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% 4 weeks after the peak of the outbreak. Conclusion: During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera case numbers. To contain the outbreak, water supply and hygiene response interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be adapted to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.

show abstract

WASH Interventions in Disease Outbreak Response

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in outbreak response: a synthesis of evidence

Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in outbreak response: a synthesis of evidence

COVID‐19 into Chemical Science Perspective: Chemical Preventive Measures and Drug Development

Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017–2018 in Kinshasa, DRC

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About