The Global Climate

Claußen, Martin; Cox, Peter; Zeng, Xubin; Viterbo, Pedro; Beljaars, Anton; Betts, Richard; Bolle, H. J.; Chase, Thomas N.; Koster, Randall

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18948-7_5

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For example, in North Africa, an assessment of vegetation feedback on precipitation from recent remote sensing observations shows subtle signals without a dominant sign (Liu et al , 2006). State‐of‐the‐art coupled climate–vegetation models also show a large disparity, some exhibiting positive feedback, while others negative feedbacks (Claussen et al , 2004; Braconnot et al , 2007). These discrepancies may be associated with different relative contributions of direct and indirect vegetation feedbacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A notable example is the arid climate in the subtropical region such as the North Africa. It has long been proposed that a change in vegetation can change rainfall through the changes in surface albedo and plant evapotranspiration (T) via a positive vegetation feedback (Charney, 1975; Charney et al , 1977; Kutzbach et al , 1996; Claussen 1997; Claussen et al , 2004), which will now be called the direct vegetation feedback. However, the final impact of the vegetation change depends not only on this direct vegetation feedback, but also on the subsequent impact associated with soil moisture change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate¹

Liu

Notaro

Gallimore

2010

Global Change Biology

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Using a fully coupled climate-terrestrial ecosystem model, we demonstrate explicitly that an initial perturbation on vegetation induces not only a direct positive vegetation feedback, but also a significant indirect vegetation-soil moisture feedback. The indirect feedback is generated through either fractional cover change or soil moisture depletion. Both indirect feedback mechanisms are triggered by a vegetation perturbation, but involve subsequent effects of soil moisture and evaporation, indirectly. An increase in vegetation tends to reduce bare-ground evaporation through either the area reduction in bare ground or the depletion of soil moisture; the reduced evaporation may then counter the initial plant transpiration, favoring a negative net vegetation feedback. Furthermore, grasses are more effective in inducing the indirect vegetation-soil feedbacks, because of their limited plant evapotranspiration and shallower roots that tend to change surface soil moisture, and, in turn, evaporation, effectively. In comparison, trees favor a direct positive vegetation feedback due to their strong plant transpiration on subsurface soil moisture as well as a lower albedo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate¹

Liu

Notaro

Gallimore

2010

Global Change Biology

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“…Changing fractions of woody and herbaceous vegetation cover, as well as of bare land, affect land‐surface albedo and evapotranspiration, which, in turn, modify near‐ground temperature and precipitation. These land‐atmosphere interactions are pronounced in several large‐scale “hot spots” [ Claussen et al ., ]. These areas include high northern latitudes where the snow‐masking effect of forests leads to additional warming in comparison with herbaceous cover; tropical forests, where extensive transpiration enhances atmosphere moisture recycling; and subtropical deserts, where the presence of vegetation cover shifts climate toward moister conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of vegetation cover and land‐surface albedo in MPI‐ESM CMIP5 simulations

Brovkin

Boysen

Raddatz

et al. 2013

J Adv Model Earth Syst

143

127

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.[1] In recent generation Earth system models (ESMs), land-surface grid cells are represented as tiles covered by different plant functional types such as trees or grasses. Here, we present an evaluation of the vegetation-cover module of the ESM developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany (MPI-ESM) for present-day conditions. The vegetation continuous fields (VCF) product that is based on satellite observations in 2001 is used to evaluate the fractional distributions of woody vegetation cover and bare ground. The model performance is quantified using two metrics: a square of the Pearson correlation coefficient, r 2 , and the root-meansquare error (RMSE). On a global scale, r 2 and RMSE of modeled tree cover are equal to 0.61 and 0.19, respectively, which we consider as satisfactory values. The model simulates tree cover and bare ground with r 2 higher for the Northern Hemisphere (0.66) than for the Southern Hemisphere (0.48-0.50). We complement this analysis with an evaluation of the simulated land-surface albedo using the difference in net surface radiation. On a global scale, the correlation between modeled and observed albedos is high during all seasons, whereas the main disagreement occurs in spring in the high northern latitudes. This discrepancy can be attributed to a high sensitivity of the land-surface albedo to the simulated snow cover and snowmasking effect of trees. By contrast, the tropics are characterized by very high correlation and relatively low RMSE (5.4-6.5 W/m 2 ) during all seasons. The presented approach could be applied for an evaluation of vegetation cover and land-surface albedo simulated by different ESMs.

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Perspectives in Modelling Climate–Hydrology Interactions

Hagemann

Blome

Saeed

et al. 2013

The Earth's Hydrological Cycle

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Various land-atmosphere coupling mechanisms exist that may lead to large-scale impacts on climate and hydrology. Some of them are still less understood and not adequately represented in state of the art climate modelling. But as the current generation of climate models enables consideration and implementation of important coupling processes, the present study provides perspectives for the modelling of relevant climate-hydrology interactions. On a more shortterm perspective, these comprise anthropogenic land use and especially irrigation, which has been shown that it may even affect remote regions. On a long-term perspective, the coupling of hydrology to carbon cycle and vegetation becomes important, specifically the dynamics of permafrost and wetlands. Here, we present a review of current knowledge combined with some exemplary studies from a large-scale point of view. Therefore, we focus on climatehydrology interactions that are relevant on scales utilized in current or forthcoming global and regional climate modelling exercises.

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The Global Climate

Cited by 9 publications

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Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate¹

Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate¹

Evaluation of vegetation cover and land‐surface albedo in MPI‐ESM CMIP5 simulations

Perspectives in Modelling Climate–Hydrology Interactions

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The Global Climate

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate1

Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate1

Evaluation of vegetation cover and land‐surface albedo in MPI‐ESM CMIP5 simulations

Perspectives in Modelling Climate–Hydrology Interactions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate¹

Indirect vegetation–soil moisture feedback with application to Holocene North Africa climate¹