The Global Impact of Asthma in Adult Populations

Enilari, Oladunni; Sinha, Sumita

doi:10.5334/aogh.2412

Cited by 186 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Asthma is a disease that generally affects 5-20% of children globally (Global Asthma Network, 2018;Enilari and Sinha, 2019). It is a complex condition in which symptoms are mainly caused by bronchoconstriction (Thomson and Hasegawa, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma?

Wang

Chen

Chan

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide and increased in utero exposure to environmental toxicants may play a major role. As current asthma treatments are not curative, understanding the mechanisms underlying the etiology of asthma will allow better preventative strategies to be developed. This review focuses on the current understanding of how in utero exposure to environmental factors increases the risk of developing asthma in children. Epidemiological studies show that maternal smoking and particulate matter exposure during pregnancy are prominent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. We discuss the changes in the developing fetus due to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery affected by intrauterine environmental change. This leads to fetal underdevelopment and abnormal lung structure. Concurrently an altered immune response and aberrant epithelial and mesenchymal cellular function occur possibly due to epigenetic reprograming. The sequelae of these early life events are airway remodeling, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, the hallmark features of asthma. In summary, exposure to inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoking or particulate matter increases the risk of childhood asthma and involves multiple mechanisms including impaired fetal lung development (structural changes), endocrine disorders, abnormal immune responses, and epigenetic modifications. These make it challenging to reduce the risk of asthma, but knowledge of the mechanisms can still help to develop personalized medicines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma?

Wang

Chen

Chan

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, affecting approximately 334 million people worldwide. 1 In the USA, national data from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey estimated that more than 26 million people (8.3% of adults) suffer from asthma. 2 Of these adults with asthma, nearly half (44.9%) reported experiencing at least one asthma attack during the last year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma control is associated with economic outcomes, work productivity and health-related quality of life in patients with asthma

Lee

Ramakrishnan²,

Safioti

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Resp Res

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BackgroundThe objective of this analysis was to examine the association between asthma control (based on Asthma Control Test (ACT) responses) and healthcare resource utilisation (HRU), work productivity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among a nationwide sample of US adults with a self-reported diagnosis of asthma and without comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.MethodsData were obtained from the 2015 and 2016 self-administered, internet-based National Health and Wellness Surveys. Patients were grouped by ACT score (≤15: poorly controlled; 16–19: partly controlled; 20–25: well-controlled asthma). Study outcomes included HRU (patient-reported healthcare provider visits, emergency department visits and hospitalisations during the previous 6 months); work productivity, measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health Scale; HRU-associated costs and work productivity loss and HRQoL, measured using EuroQoL-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) and the Short Form Health Survey-36V.2 (SF-36V.2). Incremental differences in outcomes between groups were assessed using generalised linear models adjusted for covariates.ResultsOf 7820 eligible adults, 17.4% had poorly controlled, 20.1% partly controlled and 62.5% well-controlled asthma. Well-controlled asthma was associated with significantly lower HRU (p<0.001) and lower mean direct costs ($6012 vs $8554 and $15 262, respectively; p<0.001); well-controlled asthma was also associated with significantly lower mean scores for work absenteeism, work presenteeism, overall work impairment and activity impairment (all p<0.001), and lower mean indirect costs ($6353 vs $10 448 and $14 764, respectively; p<0.001). Clinically meaningful differences favouring well-controlled asthma were seen for all HRQoL measures, with statistically significantly higher adjusted mean EQ-5D-5L index and SF-6D Health Utilities Index scores (derived from SF-36V.2) for patients with well-controlled asthma compared with partly controlled or poorly controlled asthma (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe study demonstrates a clear relationship between asthma control and its impact on HRU, costs, work productivity and HRQoL. This will allow for better identification and management of patients with poorly controlled asthma.

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“…Asthma is a multi-factorial disease determined by multiple factors such as genetic, epigenetic, and environmental [15]. Although there are multiple causes of asthma, airway inflammation is an important trigger factor.…”

Section: Anti-asthmatic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of actions of Descurainia sophia

et al. 2020

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Descurainia sophia Webb ex Prantl has been used in traditional medicine globally. It has been shown that Descurainia sophia, together with many other bioactive compounds, can modulate the biological functions of various genes. We have viewed the clinical benefits and mechanisms of action of Descurainia sophia associated with its current uses and outlined potential further applications. There are many studies documenting its numerous clinical effects in cancer, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiac systems. Further, Descurainia sophia has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anthelmintic activities. The clinical studies did not indicate any significant adverse effects of Descurainia sophia, demonstrating that it is a safe and effective herbal medicine. However, more clinical studies demonstrating the therapeutic effects of Descurainia sophia are still warranted.

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The Global Impact of Asthma in Adult Populations

Cited by 186 publications

References 44 publications

Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma?

Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma?

Asthma control is associated with economic outcomes, work productivity and health-related quality of life in patients with asthma

Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of actions of Descurainia sophia

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