The global prevalence of and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yuan, Changzheng; Adeloye, Davies; Luk, Tzu Tsun; Huang, Liyan; He, Yusa; Xu, Yunhan; Ye, Xinxin; Yi, Qian; Song, Peige; Rudan, Igor

doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00400-4

Cited by 116 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…H. pylori infection is particularly important in pediatric patients, mainly due to its high prevalence in this age group. A very recent meta-analysis noted that the prevalence of this infection is still very high in children and adolescents [ 5 ]. The most important risk factors identified in this meta-analysis for acquiring this infection in pediatric subjects were: lower economic status, more siblings or children, having a mother infected with H. pylori , having a sibling or siblings infected with H pylori , room sharing, no access to a sewage system, drinking unboiled or non-treated water, and older age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old and New Aspects of H. pylori-Associated Inflammation and Gastric Cancer

Meliţ

Mărginean

2022

Children

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H. pylori is involved in the development of 80% of gastric cancers and 5.5% of all malignant conditions worldwide. Its persistence within the host’s stomach causes chronic inflammation, which is a well-known hallmark of carcinogenesis. A wide range of cytokines was reported to be involved in the initiation and long-term persistence of this local and systemic inflammation. IL-8 was among the first cytokines described to be increased in patients with H. pylori infection. Although, this cytokine was initially identified to exert a chemoattracting effect that represents a trigger for the activation of inflammatory cells within H.-pylori-infected mucosa, more recent studies failed in encountering any association between IL-8 and H. pylori infection. IL-6 is a multifunctional, pleiotropic and multipotent cytokine involved in mediating the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity with a dichotomous role acting as both a proinflammatory and an anti-inflammatory cytokine depending on the signaling pathway. IL-1α functions as a promoter of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell proliferation in gastric carcinoma since it is closely related to H.-pylori-induced inflammation in children. IL-1β is an essential trigger and enhancer of inflammation. The association between a low IL-1β level and an increased TNF-α level might be considered a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease in the setting of H. pylori infection. IL-10 downregulates both cytotoxic inflammatory responses and cell-mediated immune responses. H. pylori uses the immunosuppressive role of IL-10 to favor its escape from the host’s immune system. TGFβ is a continuous inflammatory mediator that promotes the adherence of H. pylori to the host’s cells and their subsequent colonization. The role of H.-pylori-induced inflammatory responses in the onset of gastric carcinogenesis seems to represent the missing puzzle piece for designing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in patients with H.-pylori-associated gastric cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old and New Aspects of H. pylori-Associated Inflammation and Gastric Cancer

Meliţ

Mărginean

2022

Children

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“…Thus, H. pylori is one of the most important leading infectious causes of cancer worldwide, as 8 in 10 gastric cancers in adults are attributable to this infection [ 2 ]. Several factors which contribute to the discrepancies in terms of prevalence were reported to increase the risk of H. pylori infection, such as older age, hygiene conditions, a large number of family members, having a mother, a sibling or siblings infected with H. pylori , room or bed-sharing, drinking unboiled or non-treated water, and low socioeconomic status [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. It was also hypothesized that prenatal transmission from infected mothers or the transmission during delivery might also contribute to the increased H. pylori prevalence in pediatric patients [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Prevalence and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children

2022

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Helicobacter pylori is usually acquired during childhood. The reports from the last two decades pointed out a decrease in H. pylori prevalence across geographical areas worldwide compared to previously reported data. Most of the studies performed in America found an overall H. pylori infection prevalence of approximately 50%. The most important risk factors in America include being male, poor adherence or difficult access to treatment, and the lack of in-home water service. Despite the descending trend in prevalence worldwide, the overall prevalence in Africa remains very high (70%). Nevertheless, the prevalence of H. pylori in children without gastrointestinal who underwent screening was reported to be only 14.2%. The main risk factors in Africa are having a traditional pit or no toilet, poverty, birth order, source of drinking water, or being a farmer. Asia seems to have the widest variations in terms of H. pylori prevalence. Several risk factors were reported in Asia to be associated with this infection, such as lower income and educational level, house crowding, rural residence, ethnicity, the use of tanks as water supplies, alcohol drinking, active smoking, eating spicy food or raw uncooked vegetables, poor living conditions and sanitation. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection in European children is almost 25%. Portugal has the highest prevalence of all European countries at 66.2% in children 13 years of age. The risk factors in European individuals consist of living in rural areas, eating unwashed fruits and vegetables, not washing hands after school, low parental education and unemployment, and short education duration. Further studies are required to identify the precise mechanisms involved in the discrepancies of H. pylori prevalence worldwide.

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“…Yuan et al describe in their latest meta-analysis the importance of H. pylori infection among the pediatric population, emphasizing its high prevalence in this age group and the relationship of causality between the infection and lower economic status, parents or siblings infected with H. pylori, lack of access to a sewage system and drinking unboiled or untreated water [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Anemia and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Many studies suggest that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with a higher prevalence of anemia. The aim of this study is to explore this fact for a pediatric population from the northeast of Romania; (2) Methods: A correlational retrospective study between infection with H. pylori and anemia was performed on a group of 542 children in a pediatric gastroenterology regional center in Northeast Romania; (3) Results: Out of 542 children with confirmed H. pylori infection, microcytic hypochromic anemia was present in 48 children, of whom 7 (14.5%) also had iron deficiency.; (4) Conclusions: The study results demonstrate a significant association of H. pylori infection with iron-deficiency anemia and iron deficiency in children in accordance with the results established in the published literature. Although the direct relationship between them it is not clear yet, prevention represents one of the first clinical measures that need to be implemented when encountering a refractory moderate to severe iron-deficiency anemia and, especially, when associated with gastrointestinal tract symptoms.

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The global prevalence of and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 116 publications

References 40 publications

Old and New Aspects of H. pylori-Associated Inflammation and Gastric Cancer

Old and New Aspects of H. pylori-Associated Inflammation and Gastric Cancer

Worldwide Prevalence and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children

The Relationship between Anemia and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children

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