1996
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01600.x
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The Glutamatergic Innervation of Oxytocin‐ and Vasopressin‐secreting Neurons in the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus and its Contribution to Lactation‐induced Synaptic Plasticity

Abstract: The present ultrastructural study analysed the distribution of glutamatergic synapses on oxytocin- and vasopressin-secreting neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus (SON) after post-embedding immunogold labelling for glutamate immunoreactivity, visible over synaptic-like vesicles, mitochondria and synaptic densities. Double labelling for glutamate and GABA showed that putative glutamatergic terminals were distinct from GABAergic terminals. In ultrathin sections stained for glutamate and either oxytocin or vasopr… Show more

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Cited by 81 publications
(60 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, our recent in vitro experiments (43) revealed that these glial transformations occur very rapidly, within 2 h, when the neurons have not significantly hypertrophied. Finally, as noted earlier, VP neurons do not display increased juxtapositions even under strong, persistent stimuli like lactation or chronic dehydration, yet they significantly hypertrophy under these conditions (12,24,29). A more likely explanation is that neuronal juxtapositions are the result of active retraction and elongation of astrocytic processes over neuronal surfaces whose morphology is constantly changing.…”
Section: Remodeling Of Astrocytes Accompanies Synapse Turnovermentioning
confidence: 88%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Moreover, our recent in vitro experiments (43) revealed that these glial transformations occur very rapidly, within 2 h, when the neurons have not significantly hypertrophied. Finally, as noted earlier, VP neurons do not display increased juxtapositions even under strong, persistent stimuli like lactation or chronic dehydration, yet they significantly hypertrophy under these conditions (12,24,29). A more likely explanation is that neuronal juxtapositions are the result of active retraction and elongation of astrocytic processes over neuronal surfaces whose morphology is constantly changing.…”
Section: Remodeling Of Astrocytes Accompanies Synapse Turnovermentioning
confidence: 88%
“…When we applied stereology to evaluate synaptic densities, we found that synaptic remodeling in the OT system is even more extensive than reported originally, because it affects terminals making single, as well as shared synaptic contacts (25,29). Thus in the SON of rats that have lactated for several days, in spite of neuronal hypertrophy (9,24,25,29,78), the overall synaptic density is not significantly less than that evaluated in virgin animals (about 40 ϫ 10 6 synapses/mm 3 SON) (25,29,81). A clear increase in synaptic densities becomes obvious when they are evaluated in relation to the neuropil (25,29).…”
Section: Synapse Turnover In the Magnocellular Nucleimentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Brainstem catecholaminergic neurons are activated during suckling (25) and parturition (1,28). There are increased numbers of glutamatergic and noradrenergic terminals in the SON during lactation (13,29), and both the glutamatergic and noradrenergic inputs to oxytocinergic neurons appear to be critical for parturition and lactation (1, 2, 11, 25, 28, 51). Norepinephrine is released in the SON before and during a rise in SON glutamate levels, which correlates temporally with the activation of oxytocin neurons and oxytocin release associated with parturition and milk ejection (2,17).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The SON and PVN undergo dramatic structural (15,50) and functional changes (37,44) at late pregnancy, which include enhanced glutamatergic innervation, as indicated by increased glutamate synapses (13) and glutamatergic synaptic inputs (45). Although the theory has been challenged recently (8), these changes are thought to provide a structural substrate that supports burst generation and synchronization among oxytocin-secreting neurons in parturient and lactating female rats.…”
Section: Fig 7 Immunohistochemical Identification Of Responsive Pvnmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Glutamate synapses represent Ͼ20% of the synaptic input impinging on VP cells (El Majdoubi et al, 1996). In vivo experiments unambiguously showed that glutamate receptor blockers reversibly interrupted phasic activity in VP neurons (Nissen et al, 1994(Nissen et al, , 1995Moos et al, 1997), whereas glutamatergic receptor agonists triggered (Nissen et al, 1995) or accelerated phasic activity.…”
Section: Role Of Glutamatergic Inputs In Phasic Activitymentioning
confidence: 99%