The Glycogen Content of Beef Flesh.

Abstract

Emmett and Grindley's method does not give high enough results for organic phosphorus in cold water extracts of flesh, as the heat of coagulation has changed nearly all of the organic phosphorus to the inorganic form.Barium chloride in slightly ammoniacal solution precipitates the inorganic phosphorus from water extracts of flesh and gives a satisfactorily accurate separation of the inorganic from the organic form.There seems to be a progressive splitting up of the organic phosphorus compounds in beef flesh during the process of cooking so that in well done meats practically all the phosphorus is present in the inorganic form.A study of the tables shows considerable variation in the relative amounts of soluble and soluble organic phosphorus in different cuts and in different animals.Extremes will be noted in rib of Jerry (a fat show steer) in which 91.44 per cent, of the soluble phosphorus is organic and in composite of 592 (an extremely emaciated steer) where only 26.02 per cent, or the soluble phosphorus is organic. This subject is being investigated further.

Comparative genomics of Photobacterium species from terrestrial and marine habitats

“…Both P. carnosum and P. iliopiscariu m have the glycogen phosphorylase ( glg P) and glycogen debranching enzyme genes, and only P. carnosum and meat-borne strains of P. iliopiscarium have the α-amylase gene, that breaks down alpha-linked polyssacharides such as glycogen and starch. Glycogen can be found both on meat and fish, but while it can be highly abundant in muscle meat, up to 1.8% ( Immonen and Puolanne, 2000 ; Immonen et al., 2000 ; Ninios et al., 2014 ; Pethick et al., 1995 ; Trowbridge and Francis, 1910 ) even after 3 weeks ( Koutsidis et al., 2008 ), it is reported to fluctuate in the 40 – 200 mg/100 g range in fish ( Guillaume et al., 2001 ; Tarr, 1966 ). Since this gene is also present in other marine photobacteria such as P. kishitanii (PSV18756.1), P. damselae (TMX76883.1), P. lutimaris (PSU35927.1), P. proteolyticum (OLQ70040.1) it is unlikely that this is an acquired environmental advantage, but rather loss of the genes on P. phosphoreum in adaptation to more parasitic/symbiontic behavior as established by Henrissat et al.…”