The golden age of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

The turing testAlso known as the imitation game, is a test to determine whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behaviour. It has been discussed extensively in AI Community as a controversial topic, and it appears that it will continue to be controversial. Even today, there is no consensus on the answer to the question Turing posed; "can machines think [3]?" The reference here is to a video clip, illustrating in black and white, the state of AI in the 1960s, in which legendary AI pioneers like Jerome Wiesner, Oliver Selfridge, and Claude Shannon speak. It is amazing to listen to the hyped expectations that are, 60 years later, still to come! Let there be AI! (Dartmouth Summer School 1956)The term Artificial Intelligence was coined in 1955 by John McCarthy and his colleagues Marvin Minsky (Harvard University), Nathaniel Rochester (IBM), and Claude Shannon (Bell Telephone Laboratories) in the proposal for the funding of "2-month, a 10-man study of Artificial Intelligence. " The workshop took place in the following year, in 1956, which is generally considered as the official birthdate of the new field. In their proposal, the proposers made very ambitious statements such as "(i) the study is to proceed based on the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it, (ii) an attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves. " LISPIn the 1960s, the most popular programming language used in AI research was LISP. McCarthy developed the basic ideas during 1956-1958, and it quickly became a common language for AI programming. The main reason for its popularity was that learning could be incorporated in LISP as self-modifying programs. The popularity of LISP was so high that special computers, so-called "LISP machines, " that could run LISP programs efficiently and effectively swarmed the market. The most notable machine was PDP-10 of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Even I used one in my early years of research!

Quo vadis artificial intelligence?

“…AI winters refer to the periods when the funding of AI significantly decreased due to disillusionments [1]. There have been two recognized AI winters in history.…”

“…Yet, on many occasions, driven by demands for higher productivity and perhaps simply curiosity, humans have been trying to infuse human intelligence into machines, which constitutes the original motivation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI research has been going on for over 65 years and has made impressive achievements in terms of theoretical study and real-world applications [1,2]. AI is being used almost everywhere and is considered a core skill for the future.…”

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Diabetes and Artificial Intelligence

“…It was determined that the number of studies conducted since 2015 was triple the number of studies published between 1985 and 2015. These findings are not surprising given that AI has had its second golden age since 2010 (29). Moreover, when the number of studies carried out up until the end of 2020 is examined, it can be stated that this increased interest will continue in the 2021 according to regression analysis.…”

DNA N-gram Analysis Framework (DNAnamer): A generalized N-gram frequency analysis framework for the supervised classification of DNA sequences

“…In 1948, Claude Shannon published “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” [1], which provided a mathematical model defining the maximum information transmission rate and channel capacity that can be achieved given an arbitrarily small error probability. This groundbreaking work not only laid the foundation for modern telecommunication systems and information theory, but it also ignited the fields of stochastic modeling, data compression [2-4], cryptography [5, 6], and machine learning [7, 8]. This marked the birth of the Information Age.…”