The gradient of luminosity between open/enclosed arms, and not the absolute level of Lux, predicts the behaviour of rats in the plus maze

Pereira, Lenir Orlandi; Cunha, Isabel Cristina da; Neto, José Marino; Paschoalini, Marta Aparecida; Faria, Moacir Serralvo

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.10.002

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In contrast with research conducted with male rats 13 , the data from multiple linear regressions revealed a significant negative association between the independent variable O/E ∆Lux and the dependent variables representatives of the open arm exploration, thus indicating that as O/E ∆Lux increase, both %Open arm entries and %Open arm time decrease. Therefore, the present study suggests that O/E ∆Lux is also important for the establishment of arm preference in the case of female Wistar rats.…”

contrasting

confidence: 40%

“…In fact, rats exposed to the open arms display increased corticosterone release, as well as fear-related behaviors, when compared to those exposed in the enclosed arms The relative luminosity between open and enclosed arms, and not the absolute level of luminosity on the maze, was recently demonstrated to be another determinant variable for the establishment of arm preference in the EPM 13 . As the open arms are more illuminated than the enclosed arms, the ability of the animal to discriminate areas in the EPM with more or less luminosity may drive the maze exploration toward the areas with low fear-inductor properties, thus establishing the enclosed arm preference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recently was demonstrated that, for male rats, the difference of illumination between the open and the enclosed arms (i.e, the gradient of luminosity between the open and the enclosed arms; O/E ∆Lux ), and not the absolute level of luminosity incident on the maze, is the important variable to predict the arm preference in the EPM. Thus, male rats may avoid the open arms because these arms have a higher level of luminosity in relation to the enclosed arms 13 . Nevertheless, the influence of the O/E ∆Lux on the exploratory behavior of female rats in the EPM was not evaluated yet.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Relative luminosity in the plus maze upon the exploratory behaviour of female Wistar rats

Sakae

Paschoalini

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Animal models have played an important role in furthering our understanding of complex biological basis and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human anxiety. They have also contributed to the provision of preclinical models that enable the discovery and screening of new potential therapeutical drugs 1 . Moreover, animal models of anxiety have been considered as an invaluable approach, since animals display similar autonomic and behavioral reactions during anxiety states 2,3,4,5 . The present research chose on one of the most popularly used animal models in the study of anxiety-related behaviors 6 -the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM). Briefly, the EPM is used as a test of anxiety based on the exploratory behavior of rodents. Its exploratory environment is constituted by four elevated arms, with two opposed open (unprotected spaces) and two other opposed enclosed arms (spaces protected by lateral walls), arranged in a cross-like shape. The open arms are considered regions of the maze endowed with stressful-and fear-inductor properties, because rats exposed to them display increased corticosterone release, as well as fear-related behaviors, when compared to those exposed in the enclosed arms 7 . In this sense, the conflict between the approach and the avoidance of regions with more or less aversive properties underlies the exploratory behavior of animals in the EPM. In fact, this conflict has been considered analogous to human anxiety considering that many anxiety disorders express this insidious avoidance behavior of a feared object or situation ) e foram testadas no LEC 10 A/F ∆Lux ou LEC 96 A/F ∆Lux . Resultados: A análise de regressão múltipla indicou que o A/F ∆Lux está negativamente associado com a % de entrada no braço aberto e % de tempo no braço aberto, sugerindo que no aumento do A/F ∆Lux , a exploração do braço aberto diminui. A fase do CE não influenciou a exploração do braço aberto no LEC. A ansiólise induzida pelo MDZ foi demonstrada no 96 LEC A/F ∆Lux em todas as fases do CE. Discussão: Estes resultados sugerem a importância do A/F ∆Lux para estabelecer a preferência da exploração do LEC e preservar a validade do LEC.Palavras-chave: ciclo estral, ratas Wistar, ansiedade, medo, labirinto elevado em cruz, luminosidade.

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confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Relative luminosity in the plus maze upon the exploratory behaviour of female Wistar rats

Sakae

Paschoalini

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…In addition, the elevated plus maze yields data on locomotor activity, vertical activity and exploratory behavior and provides indices of risk assessment and decision making (Rodgers & Dalvi 1997). Recent studies have shown that age (Bessa et al 2005), familiarity with the experimenter (van Driel & Talling 2005) and the gradient of luminosity between open and closed arms (rather than the absolute illumination strength) (Pereira et al 2005) have an important influence on the outcome of the elevated plus maze test.…”

Section: Exploratory and Emotional Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A hitchhiker's guide to behavioral analysis in laboratory rodents

Sousa

Almeida²,

Wotjak

2006

Genes Brain and Behavior

244

171

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Genes and environment are both essential and interdependent determinants of behavioral responses. Behavioral genetics focuses on the role of genes on behavior. In this article, we aim to provide a succinct, but comprehensive, overview of the different means through which behavioral analysis may be performed in rodents. We give general recommendations for planning and performing behavioral experiments in rats and mice, followed by brief descriptions of experimental paradigms most commonly used for the analysis of reflexes, sensory function, motor function and exploratory, social, emotional and cognitive behavior. We end with a discussion of some of the shortcomings of current concepts of genetic determinism and argue that the genetic basis of behavior should be analyzed in the context of environmental factors.

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“…These factors include individual differences in overall anxiety levels (Ho et al, 2002), gender (Imhof et al, 1993), illumination levels (Garcia et al, 2005;Pereira et al, 2005), strain (Bert et al, 2001;Chaouloff et al, 1995;Ramos et al, 1997), and experience in the maze (Bessa et al, 2005;File, 1993;Gallagher and Pelleymounter, 1988). The specific factors that might have elicited the preference for the open arms of the maze in the younger rats in the present experiment cannot be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Elevated plus-maze performance of Fischer-344 rats as a function of age and of exposure to 56Fe particles

Rabin

Carrihill-Knoll

Carey

et al. 2007

Advances in Space Research

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The gradient of luminosity between open/enclosed arms, and not the absolute level of Lux, predicts the behaviour of rats in the plus maze

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Relative luminosity in the plus maze upon the exploratory behaviour of female Wistar rats

Relative luminosity in the plus maze upon the exploratory behaviour of female Wistar rats

A hitchhiker's guide to behavioral analysis in laboratory rodents

Elevated plus-maze performance of Fischer-344 rats as a function of age and of exposure to 56Fe particles

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