The Great Beauty of the osteoclast

Cappariello, Alfredo; Maurizi, Antonio; Veeriah, Vimal; Teti, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.017

Cited by 185 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…At this point the involvement of the osteoclast became apparent. As already described, osteoclasts are able to create a tightly sealed, acidified (pH 4.5) environment in order to dissolve the inorganic matrix during bone resorption [10]. The acidity created by the osteoclast in resorption lacuna is indeed capable of decarboxylating Ocn [88], thus rendering it active.…”

Section: Ocn: Just Another Bone Matrix Protein?mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Its polarization is crucial for the main function of this cell, which is the resorption of the bone matrix [10]. We can therefore identify a bone-facing membrane domain, which includes a "sealing apparatus" that surrounds the portion of the bone to be digested and exhibits a peculiar dot-like adhesion structure.…”

Section: Osteoclasts: the Bone-hungry Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are called podosomes and are composed of actin-microfilaments, adhesion proteins and actin-binding proteins. They interact with tyrosine kinases and integrin receptors [10]. Podosomes are very dynamic structures, characterized by fast turnover, and they play a crucial role in bone resorption [11,12].…”

Section: Osteoclasts: the Bone-hungry Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other molecules involved in the osteoclast-mediated regulation of osteoblasts with a likely anabolic effect are collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and Wnt10b [10].…”

Section: Clastokines and The Paracrine Regulation Of Osteoblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The “soft” side of the bone: unveiling its endocrine functions

Cappariello

Ponzetti

Rucci

2016

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Bone has always been regarded as a merely structural tissue, a "hard" scaffold protecting all of its "soft" fellows, while they did the rest of the work. In the last few decades this concept has totally changed, and new findings are starting to portray bone as a very talkative tissue that is capable not only of being regulated, but also of regulating other organs. In this review we aim to discuss the endocrine regulation that bone has over whole-body homeostasis, with emphasis on energy metabolism, male fertility, cognitive functions and phosphate (Pi) metabolism. These delicate tasks are mainly carried out by two known hormones, osteocalcin (Ocn) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and possibly other hormones that are yet to be found. The extreme plasticity and dynamicity of bone allows a very fine tuning over the actions these hormones exert, portraying this tissue as a full-fledged endocrine organ, in addition to its classical roles. In conclusion, our findings suggest that bone also has a "soft side", and is daily taking care of our entire organism in ways that were unknown until the last few years.

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Section: Ocn: Just Another Bone Matrix Protein?mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Osteoclasts: the Bone-hungry Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osteoclasts: the Bone-hungry Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clastokines and The Paracrine Regulation Of Osteoblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The “soft” side of the bone: unveiling its endocrine functions

Cappariello

Ponzetti

Rucci

2016

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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“…Osteoclasts, multinucleated cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are the sole cells present in the human body responsible for bone resorption (Cappariello et al 2014). These cells play an indispensable role in bone remodeling in an orchestrated fashion that work in tandem with their counterpart, the osteoblasts (specialized bone cells involved in matrix mineralization).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferulic acid impairs osteoclast fusion and exacerbates survival of mature osteoclasts

et al. 2016

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Elevated bone loss induced by osteoclasts is a critical and most commonly observed pathological complication during osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis. Hence, attenuation of osteoclast formation or function is a classical therapeutic approach to regulate bone loss. In this study, we found that ferulic acid (FA), a natural compound potently inhibited osteoclast formation in human CD14? peripheral blood monocytes ex vivo with an IC 50 of 39 lM. Moreover, due to impaired differentiation of osteoclast progenitors, actin ring formation and bone resorption activity were also perturbed. Investigation of underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that FA inhibited the RANKLinduced expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a critical regulator of osteoclast fusion. In addition, expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cathepsin K, the key osteoclast specific lysosomal proteases involved in bone matrix resorption were severely aggravated by FA. A significant reduction in mature osteoclast numbers was detected in the presence of FA accompanied by increased caspase-3 activity and DNAfragmentation, a characteristic hallmark of apoptosis. Collectively, these results suggested that FA inhibited osteoclast fusion by suppressing the expression of DC-STAMP and induced apoptosis in mature osteoclasts by the caspase-3 pathway.

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Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body

Vidavsky

Kunitake

Estroff

2020

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Biomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral–organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate‐based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In‐depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state‐of‐the‐art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.

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The Great Beauty of the osteoclast

Cited by 185 publications

References 114 publications

The “soft” side of the bone: unveiling its endocrine functions

The “soft” side of the bone: unveiling its endocrine functions

Ferulic acid impairs osteoclast fusion and exacerbates survival of mature osteoclasts

Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body

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