The Grounding of Identities

Azzano, Lorenzo; Carrara, Massimiliano

doi:10.1007/s11406-021-00335-5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“… 6 Furthermore, it is not entirely clear whether the identity relation is incompatible with the in-virtue-of relation ( Azzano and Carrara 2021 ). For instance, many would accept both that H 2 O is ontologically identical to water and that various properties of water are explained by the fact that it is H 2 O.…”

Section: Footnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of consciousness: conceptual clarification

Niikawa¹,

Miyahara

Hamada

et al. 2022

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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There are many theories of the functions of consciousness. How these theories relate to each other, how we should assess them, and whether any integration of them is possible are all issues that remain unclear. To contribute to a solution, this paper offers a conceptual framework to clarify the theories of the functions of consciousness. This framework consists of three dimensions: (i) target, (ii) explanatory order, and (iii) necessity/sufficiency. The first dimension, target, clarifies each theory in terms of the kind of consciousness it targets. The second dimension, explanatory order, clarifies each theory in terms of how it conceives of the explanatory relation between consciousness and function. The third dimension, necessity/sufficiency, clarifies each theory in terms of the necessity/sufficiency relation posited between consciousness and function. We demonstrate the usefulness of this framework by applying it to some existing scientific and philosophical theories of the functions of consciousness.

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Section: Footnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of consciousness: conceptual clarification

Niikawa¹,

Miyahara

Hamada

et al. 2022

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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“…It is clear that reflexive identity is a complex phenomenon, even the very concept of identity requires a certain logical and epistemological justification (Azzano & Carrara, 2021, p. 1951. It can be agreed that the identity of a person, in addition to its general features, depends on the region where this person lives (Vainikka, 2015), as well as on the fact that it depends on the specifics of the work performed by the person , especially when a person shows individual creative activity (Bontempo e Silva & del Carmen Flores Macías, 2017, p. 155).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Reflexive Identity in the Age of Civilizational Transformations

Lyubiviy

Samchuk²

2022

AMPR

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Purpose. The article highlights, on the one hand, the impact of the potential of a developed reflective identity on the processes of civilizational transformations, and on the other hand, the role of the transformational processes of a civilizational scale in the formation of a new type of reflective identity. Acute crisis processes in social development, which humanity has faced so far, in particular after 24.02.2022, indicate the beginning of a radical civilizational transformation. Therefore, in the article, it is necessary to find out with the help of which mental, organizational and personal resources humanity can move to a more developed level of civilization without much loss. It is also necessary to show the importance of the philosophical understanding of reality in the formation of reflective identity because reflection has been the basic method of philosophy since its appearance. Theoretical basis. There is an understanding of the inextricable connection between the level of development of civilization and the level of reflective development of the individual fixed in a certain type of identity: a more historically developed stage of civilization corresponds to a more complex type of identity with multi-level reflection. At the same time, achieving a higher level of civilizational development is possible only under the condition of constructing a more complex and multi-level reflexive identity. Originality. It consists in establishing that the mental-cognitive mechanisms of reflection during the development of civilization passed through the stages of 1) reflexive forms of "the Axial Age", fixed in the corresponding forms of moral, logical, theological, political, etc. culture since the era of Ancient society; 2) reflexive forms of the Modern era with an emphasis on the inner world of man, the emergence of the reflective division into subject and object of knowledge as an essential feature of epistemology, as well as the formation of a modern type of identity; 3) the dual reflection of the post-industrial society and the Second Modern era, the mechanisms of which contribute to the formation of an active and self-sufficient network society and network crowdfunding economy. In this regard, at various stages of the development of civilization, in accordance with certain reflexive mechanisms, the corresponding types of identity are formed: 1) the basic identity of a person determined by his primary socialization; 2) reflective identity which is associated with the acquired cultural potential of a person and the opportunity to consciously choose special features of one’s own identity, and 3) identity which is associated with the existence in a given social culture of a mechanism of double reflection, which allows not only to make a valuable choice of the trajectory of development own identity but also to construct it. Conclusions. The aggravation of the identity problem in the modern world is the result of a civilizational crisis associated with the transformation of modern civilization, the technological basis of which is the introduction of renewable energy and artificial intelligence, as well as the development of network relationships in society. The hierarchical structure of modern identity is conditioned by the gradual historical and civilizational layering of the process of evolution of the reflexive component of identity. In each specific modern society, progressive civilizational transformations take place when an innovative type of identity coexisting with basic and modern types is activated and takes a leadership position. The growing role of network relations in society overcomes the identity crisis due to the reduction of social opposition and the harmonization of different aspects of the identity itself. Perceptible climatic changes and the destruction of the established security system in the world after 24.02.2022 made it obvious to the global thinking public that the world community is at the bifurcation point of a radical civilizational transformation.

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Avicenna on common natures and the ground of the categories

Morvarid

2023

British Journal for the History of Philosophy

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In our scientific as well as everyday discourse, we frequently categorize things. Some things are animate, while others are inanimate. Some things are sapient, while others are not. Some things are blue, some are green, some are red, and so on. According to some philosophers, all categorizations are subjective. On such subjectivist views, there is nothing about the external world which explains our actual categorizations; the categorizations are, rather, mere projections of our mind or language onto the world. In contrast, working in the Aristotelian framework, Avicenna maintained that at least some categorizations have their root in objective reality, that they are not Abstract: A main function of common natures in Avicenna's metaphysics is supposed to be providing an objective ground for the categories. Thus, it is commonly assumed that in his metaphysics things are objectively divided into the categories into which they are because members of each category share the same common nature. However, common natures cannot perform the function unless they are shared, in a real sense of the word, by the members of the respective categories, and it is not clear at all in what real sense Avicenna took common natures to be shared by them. On the one hand, he rejected Platonic and Aristotelian realisms about common natures, the two standard accounts of how common natures are shared by their instances. On the other hand, it is unclear that his alternative account(s) of common natures renders them genuinely common. The primary goal of this paper is to examine whether Avicenna's common natures can provide an objective ground for the categories. It considers various interpretations of Avicenna's account and argues that they are either incorrect interpretations of Avicenna or do not render common natures genuinely common. It concludes with proposing to look elsewhere in Avicenna's system to find the objective ground.

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The Grounding of Identities

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Functions of consciousness: conceptual clarification

Functions of consciousness: conceptual clarification

The Role of Reflexive Identity in the Age of Civilizational Transformations

Avicenna on common natures and the ground of the categories

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